Please cite this article as: Schütze, N., Raue, R., Büttner, M., Alber, G., Inactivated parapoxvirus ovis activates canine blood phagocytes and T lymphocytes, Veterinary Microbiology (2008Microbiology ( ), doi:10.1016Microbiology ( /j.vetmic.2009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Enhanced burst rates by canine monocytes stimulated with iPPVO were observed and the 30 MHC-II expression on canine CD14+ monocytes was elevated following stimulation with iPPVO compared to the stabiliser control. Canine CD4+ T cells were activated for oligoclonal proliferation in response to iPPVO. This study shows that iPPVO is able to stimulate both phagocytotic and T-cell-dependent immune mechanisms in canine blood leukocytes. 35 keywords: cell activation, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, monocyte/macrophages, virus