Construction and Performance Test of a Multiplexed Multistage (MS<sup><i>n</i></sup>) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Shin, Young Sik; Moon, Jeong Hee; Kim, Myoung Soo

doi:10.1021/ac801675r

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Time separation in Q instruments will be larger and also easier to calculate than in L and LPQ instruments because such a counterbalancing is absent. This was confirmed with a Q instrument 17 built as an effort to improve the performance of PD-MS 3 for kinetic and mechanistic studies. Mass accuracy of ±4 Da was achieved for intermediate ions with this instrument, making it useful for mechanistic study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSⁿ) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Bae¹,

Yoon²,

Moon³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Photoexcitation of a precursor ion inside a cell floated at high voltage installed in a tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer provides triple tandem mass spectrometric information and allows kinetic and mechanistic studies. In this work, the factors affecting, or downgrading, the performance of the technique were identified. Ion-optical and computational analyses showed that an optimum instrument could be designed by utilizing a reflectron with linear-plus-quadratic potential inside. Theoretical predictions were confirmed by tests with instruments built with different ion-optical layout. With optimized instruments, masses of intermediate ions in the consecutive dissociation of a precursor ion could be determined with the maximum error of ±5 Da. We also observed excellent agreement in dynamical parameters (critical energy and entropy) for the dissociation of a model peptide ion determined by instruments with different ion-optical layout operated under optimum conditions. This suggests that these parameters can be determined reliably by the kinetic method developed previously when properly designed and operated tandem TOF instruments are used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…17 The result also suggests that such difficulties will become less serious for properly designed LPQ instruments. However, the master equation (eqn.…”

Section: Simion Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSⁿ) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Bae¹,

Yoon²,

Moon³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…P components can be easily identified [21], as marked in the expanded spectra shown in the figure. An instrument-based method to identify I and the intermediate ion (m i ϩ ) contributing to each C has been developed recently [26] [18] as demonstrated in Figure 6. The third trend is that CPD decreases as the photon energy increases from 4.66 eV (266 nm) to 6.42 eV (193 nm), in qualitative agreement with RRKM.…”

Section: Psdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved photodissociation study of singly protonated peptides with a histidine residue generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization: Dissociation rate constant and internal temperature

Yoon

Moon

Kim

2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Product ion yields in post-source decay and time-resolved photodissociation at 193 and 266 nm were measured for some peptide ions with a histidine residue ([HF 6 ϩ H] ϩ , [F 6 H ϩ H] ϩ , and [F 3 HF 3 ϩ H] ϩ ) formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). Compared with similar data for peptide ions without any basic residue reported previously, significant reduction in dissociation efficiency was observed. Internal temperatures (T) of the peptide ions and their dissociation kinetic parameters-the critical energy (E 0 ) and entropy (⌬S ‡ )-were determined by the method reported previously. Slight decreases in E 0 , ⌬S ‡ , and T were responsible for the histidine effect-reduction in dissociation rate constant. Regardless of the presence of the residue, ⌬S ‡ was far more negative than previous quantum chemical results. Based on this, we propose the existence of transition structures in which the nitrogen atoms in the histidine residue or at the N-terminus coordinate to the reaction centers. Reduction in T in the presence of a histidine residue could not be explained based on popular models for ion formation in MALDI, such as the gas-phase proton transfer model. T andem mass spectral information-list of product ions formed from a precursor ion and their relative intensities-is tremendously useful for peptide and protein sequencing [1]. Pioneering studies on the product ion species formed from protonated peptides generated by fast atom bombardment and the mechanistic explanations for their formation were made by Martin and Biemann [2]. Extensive investigations followed [3][4][5], which were made mostly for protonated peptides generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) [6] and electrospray ionization (ESI) [7]. For small model peptide ions, investigations beyond simple mechanistic interpretation have been reported, such as the quantum chemical search for reaction paths [8 -10]. However, there has not been much study on kinetics of peptide ion dissociation [11].Tandem mass spectral patterns for protonated peptides are affected by factors, such as the charge state, the number of arginine residue, and the energy regime [2,3,12,13]. For singly protonated peptides-these will be called peptide ions from now on-without an arginine residue, b and y types (see reference [2] for product ion symbols) are the major product ions regardless of the energy regime. Oxazolone pathways [4, 8 -10] have been proposed to explain their formation, which consist of the migration of the additional proton to an amide nitrogen, rate-determining cleavage of the protonated amide bond via a five-membered ring transition structure, formation of a proton-bound dimer of an oxazolone derivative and a smaller peptide, and its breakup. For peptide ions with an arginine residue, b/y channels (rearrangement) are dominant in the lowenergy regime [3], such as in low-energy collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) and post-source decay (PSD). In the high-energy regime, such as in highenergy CAD [2] and ultraviolet p...

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“…In contrast, the absorption of UV photons leads to the excitation of ions to higher electronic states and access to high-energy dissociation pathways not observed for CID or IRMPD. Photodissociation has been implemented in MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometers for the analysis of singly charged ions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and ESI ion trapping instruments (both FTICR systems [24][25][26][27] and various quadrupole ion traps ) for the characterization of singly or multiply charged species. In general, time-of-flight instruments offer the advantages of high resolution, high accuracy, broad m/z range, and fast scan times, although photodissociation efficiencies in these mass spectrometers have been rather low due to the fact that irradiation of the ions occurs orthogonally in a very narrow time window as the selected ions exit the ion gating region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of lasers have been used for photodissociation, including CO 2 lasers (10.6 μm, 0.12 eV per photon) [24-27, 40-46, 48-52, 54-56, 61-63], F 2 excimer lasers (157 nm, 7.9 eV per photon) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]39], ArF excimers (193 nm, 6.4 eV per photon) [57][58][59], Nd:YAG lasers (266 nm, 4.7 eV per photon [28][29][30][31][32], or 355 nm, 3.5 eV per photon [47,49]), femtosecond titanium sapphire lasers (800 nm, 1.5 eV per photon) [60], and OPO-Nd:YAG lasers that offer a tunable range from 205 nm to 2550 nm (6.0-0.49 eV per photon) [33][34][35][36][37]. As long as the laser provides sufficient power and offers a wavelength that will be absorbed by the analyte ions of interest, then it can be utilized for photodissociation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Frontier of Photodissociation

Brodbelt

2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The development of new ion activation/dissociation methods is motivated by the need for more versatile ways to characterize structures of ions, especially in the growing arena of biological mass spectrometry in which better tools for determining sequences, modifications, interactions, and conformations of biopolymers are essential. Although most agree that collision-induced dissociation (CID) remains the gold standard for ion activation/dissociation, recent inroads in electron-and photon-based activation methods have cemented their role as outstanding alternatives. This article will focus on the impact of photodissociation, including its strengths and drawbacks as an analytical tool, and its potential for further development in the next decade. Moreover, the discussion will emphasize photodissociation in quadrupole ion traps, because that platform has been used for one of the greatest arrays of new applications over the past decade.Key words: Photodissociation, Ion activation, Peptide, Tandem mass spectrometry, Ion trap T he field of ion activation/dissociation remains incredibly vibrant due to the ongoing quest to improve the sequencing of biopolymers and map their modifications, to increase the sensitivity to small structural differences, to enhance the ability to differentiate isomers, to facilitate highthroughput applications, and to advance the understanding of fragmentation mechanisms for better automated spectral interpretation. CID has proven to be enormously robust and readily implemented, but insufficient energy deposition and/ or low efficiency for certain fragmentation pathways has stimulated the hunt for other options. There have been several reviews and insightful discussions of electron-based activation methods [1-6], including electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD), so these methods will not be extensively addressed in the present article. Examples of some of the more recent photodissociation studies are cited herein, but the citations are by no means comprehensive.Photodissociation describes the process in which ions are exposed to photons of a selected wavelength, resulting in an accumulation of internal energy that leads to dissociation [7][8][9][10]. The activation process may entail the absorption of one or more high-energy UV or visible photons (∼2-10 eV/ photon) or tens/hundreds of lower energy IR photons (ca. 0.1 eV/photon). Both pulsed and continuous-wave lasers have been used for photodissociation. The energization period may range from nanoseconds to hundreds of milliseconds based on the photon flux of the laser, the competition between ion activation and collisional cooling, and the energy deposition per photon. The ability to vary photon flux, the total irradiation period, and the selected wavelength endows photodissociation with a high degree of tunability. In fact, it is precisely this type of tunability and the increasing availability of wavelength-tunable lasers coupled to ion trapping mass spectrometers, including Fourier transform i...

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Construction and Performance Test of a Multiplexed Multistage (MSⁿ) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSⁿ) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSⁿ) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Time-resolved photodissociation study of singly protonated peptides with a histidine residue generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization: Dissociation rate constant and internal temperature

Shedding Light on the Frontier of Photodissociation

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Construction and Performance Test of a Multiplexed Multistage (MSn) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSn) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSn) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Time-resolved photodissociation study of singly protonated peptides with a histidine residue generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization: Dissociation rate constant and internal temperature

Shedding Light on the Frontier of Photodissociation

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Construction and Performance Test of a Multiplexed Multistage (MSⁿ) Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSⁿ) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Optimization of Reflectron for Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies with Multiplexed Multiple Tandem (MSⁿ) Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry