Construction and Operating Mechanism of High‐Rate Mo‐Doped Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃@C Nanowires toward Practicable Wide‐Temperature‐Tolerance Na‐Ion and Hybrid Li/Na‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

The growing demand for cost‐efficiency and safe energy storage systems has stimulated enormous interest worldwide in advanced cathodes for practicle “beyond‐Li‐ion” batteries. Herein, a feasible electrospinning/annealing avenue for the construction of 1D Mo‐doped Na3V2(PO4)3 nanowires in situ coated with carbon nanoshell (MNVP@C NWs) toward next‐generation Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) and hybrid Li/Na‐ion batteries (HLNIBs) as a high‐rate cathode material, is reported. Particularly, the intrinsic hybrid Li/Na‐ion storage mechanism of the MNVP@C NWs is unveiled for the HLNIBs with comprehensive characterizations. The resultant MNVP@C NWs demonstrate rapid electronic/ionic transport and rigid structural tolerance within operating temperatures from ‐25 to 55 °C, benefiting from its unique structural/compositional merits. More competitively, the MNVP@C NWs assembled pouch‐type NIBs (‐15 to 25 °C) and HLNIBs (‐25 to 55 °C) both exhibit remarkable wide‐temperature‐tolerance electrochemical properties in terms of high‐rate capabilities and long‐duration cycling lifespan, along with material‐level energy densities of ≈262.4 and ≈186.1 Wh kg‐1 at 25 °C, respectively. The contribution here is expected to exert a stimulative impact upon the future design of versatile cathodes for advanced high energy/power rechargeable batteries.

Sodium‐rich NASICON‐structured cathodes for boosting the energy density and lifespan of sodium‐free‐anode sodium metal batteries

“…The powder x‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and the corresponding Rietveld refinement confirm the high purity of the rhombohedral Na3VP with space group (Figure S1). The refined parameters ( a = b = 8.724 Å, c = 21.805 Å, and V = 1439.2 Å 3 ) agree well with previous reports 46,47 . The survey of x‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) reveals the presence of Na, V, O, P, and C elements (Figure S2A).…”

“…The refined parameters (a = b = 8.724 Å, c = 21.805 Å, and V = 1439.2 Å 3 ) agree well with previous reports. 46,47 The survey of x-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) reveals the presence of Na, V, O, P, and C elements (Figure S2A). The V 2p spectrum displays two peaks located at 516.7 and 524.0 eV (Figure S2B), corresponding to the V 2p 3/2 and V 2p 1/2 of V 3+ , respectively.…”

The Synthesis of Porous Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium‐Ion Storage

“…In addition to the above methods, many unique technologies, such as freeze drying, [60][61][62][63] chemical vapor deposition, [64] electrostatic spray deposition, [65] electrospinning, [66] and ultrasonic-assisted solution combustion synthesis, [67] can also be used for the construction of porous NVP materials. In order to obtain the ideal porous NVP materials, these technologies usually need specialized equipment and high requirements on operating experience.…”

A comprehensive review on the state of charge estimation for lithium‐ion battery based on neural network

“…17,18 However, SOC cannot be measured directly and can only be predicted from measurable parameters such as cell voltage, current, and temperature. 19 The accuracy of SOC prediction is also influenced by different operating conditions and aging conditions. [20][21][22] Neural networks have been widely used for image recognition and result prediction based on input data.…”