Abstract:The infants who cannot be breastfeed need to obtain energy and nutrition from other sources, such as formula. In this study, a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) rich in structured triglycerides (STG) and with a variety of fatty acids was prepared by one-step transesterification reaction. The optimum conditions for the lipase-catalyzed transesterification between basa catfish oil solid fraction, Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil, linseed oil, microbial oil and algae oil were studied and the in vitro digestibil… Show more
“…The contents of caprylic acid (CLA, C8:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0), stearic acid (SA, C18:0), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and icosanoic acid (IA, C20:0) were relatively low, with no significant differences between the samples. The CA content was higher than those reported (53.27% and 54.40%) by Hu et al [ 31 ] and Zeng et al [ 18 ], respectively. However, the contents of LA and OA in this study were lower than those reported.…”
Section: Resultscontrasting
confidence: 75%
“…Methyl esterification of the kernel oil was analyzed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a DB-23 column (60 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [ 18 ]. The major parameters were set as follows: carrier gas, nitrogen; flow rate, 2 mL/min; injection temperature, 250 °C; detection temperature, 250 °C.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Methyl esterification of the kernel oil was analyzed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a DB-23 column (60 m × 250 µm × 0.25 µm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [18]. The major parameters were set as follows: carrier gas, nitrogen; flow rate, 2 mL/min; injection temperature, 250 • C; detection temperature, 250 • C. The column temperature was first kept at 50 • C for 1 min, increased to 175 • C at 20 • C/min and kept at 175 • C for 5 min, increased from to 230 • C at 4 • C/min and then kept at 230 • C for 10 min.…”
Section: Determination Of Fatty Acid Composition In Kernel Oil Of Ccsksmentioning
Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) is an important non-conventional edible plant species found in East Asia. Here, a detailed characterization for the chemical composition and nutritional value of C. camphora seed kernels (CCSKs) collected from different regions in China is provided. The results showed that there were significant differences among the CCSK samples in weights (1000 fruits, 1000 seeds and 1000 kernels), proximate composition, minerals, phenolics, flavonoids and amino acid contents. The highest contents of oil (62.08%) and protein (22.17%) were found in the CCSK samples collected from Chongqing and Shanghai, respectively. The highest content of mineral in the CCSK samples was K (4345.05–7186.89 mg/kg), followed by P (2735.86–5385.36 mg/kg), Ca (1412.27–3327.37 mg/kg) and Mg (2028.65–3147.32 mg/kg). The CCSK sample collected from Guizhou had the highest levels of total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), while that from Chongqing had the lowest levels. In addition, the most abundant fatty acid in the CCSK samples was capric acid (57.37–60.18%), followed by lauric acid (35.23–38.29%). Similarities in the fatty acid composition among the CCSK samples were found. The CCSK sample collected from Guizhou had the highest percentage (36.20%) of essential amino acids to total amino acids, and Chongqing had the lowest value (28.84%). These results indicated that CCSK may be developed as an excellent source of plant-based medium-chain oil, protein, dietary fiber, minerals, phytochemicals and essential amino acids.
“…The contents of caprylic acid (CLA, C8:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0), stearic acid (SA, C18:0), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) and icosanoic acid (IA, C20:0) were relatively low, with no significant differences between the samples. The CA content was higher than those reported (53.27% and 54.40%) by Hu et al [ 31 ] and Zeng et al [ 18 ], respectively. However, the contents of LA and OA in this study were lower than those reported.…”
Section: Resultscontrasting
confidence: 75%
“…Methyl esterification of the kernel oil was analyzed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a DB-23 column (60 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [ 18 ]. The major parameters were set as follows: carrier gas, nitrogen; flow rate, 2 mL/min; injection temperature, 250 °C; detection temperature, 250 °C.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Methyl esterification of the kernel oil was analyzed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a DB-23 column (60 m × 250 µm × 0.25 µm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [18]. The major parameters were set as follows: carrier gas, nitrogen; flow rate, 2 mL/min; injection temperature, 250 • C; detection temperature, 250 • C. The column temperature was first kept at 50 • C for 1 min, increased to 175 • C at 20 • C/min and kept at 175 • C for 5 min, increased from to 230 • C at 4 • C/min and then kept at 230 • C for 10 min.…”
Section: Determination Of Fatty Acid Composition In Kernel Oil Of Ccsksmentioning
Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) is an important non-conventional edible plant species found in East Asia. Here, a detailed characterization for the chemical composition and nutritional value of C. camphora seed kernels (CCSKs) collected from different regions in China is provided. The results showed that there were significant differences among the CCSK samples in weights (1000 fruits, 1000 seeds and 1000 kernels), proximate composition, minerals, phenolics, flavonoids and amino acid contents. The highest contents of oil (62.08%) and protein (22.17%) were found in the CCSK samples collected from Chongqing and Shanghai, respectively. The highest content of mineral in the CCSK samples was K (4345.05–7186.89 mg/kg), followed by P (2735.86–5385.36 mg/kg), Ca (1412.27–3327.37 mg/kg) and Mg (2028.65–3147.32 mg/kg). The CCSK sample collected from Guizhou had the highest levels of total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), while that from Chongqing had the lowest levels. In addition, the most abundant fatty acid in the CCSK samples was capric acid (57.37–60.18%), followed by lauric acid (35.23–38.29%). Similarities in the fatty acid composition among the CCSK samples were found. The CCSK sample collected from Guizhou had the highest percentage (36.20%) of essential amino acids to total amino acids, and Chongqing had the lowest value (28.84%). These results indicated that CCSK may be developed as an excellent source of plant-based medium-chain oil, protein, dietary fiber, minerals, phytochemicals and essential amino acids.
“…Chicken fat with a higher unsaturation degree represented two small endothermic peaks due to the lack of high melting point TAG molecules [50][51][52]. Basa fish oil with the highest melting point and enthalpy reflected its high thermal stability due to the presence of higher melting point saturated TAG molecular species [53]. It is noteworthy that the melting curve of animal fats before and after extraction was slightly changed.…”
Section: Melting and Crystallization Behaviormentioning
Inspired by the proved dissolving power of vegetable oils for non-polar and low-polar natural compounds, animal fats with triglycerides as the major components were investigated as food-grade solvents in this study for the simultaneous extraction of carotenoids and capsaicinoids from Sichuan chili. The dissolving power of lard, beef tallow, chicken fat and basa fish oil in the extraction of er jing tiao chili was firstly compared, where animal oils with worse extraction ratios for carotenoids (0.79 mg/g in average) performed better for the extraction of capsaicinoids (0.65 mg/g in average). Furthermore, the solvent effect of animal fats on the oleo-extracts was evaluated in terms of fatty acid composition, oil quality indexes, crystal polymorphism, melting and crystallization behaviors, where no significant differences were observed between animal fats before and after extraction. The oxidative stability of animal fats could be 1.02- up to 2.73-fold enhanced after extraction and the pungency degree could reach the same spicy level as commercial hotpot oil. In addition, the Hansen solubility parameters of solvents and solutes were predicted for further theoretical miscibility study, which helps to make a better comprehension of the dissolving mechanism behind such oleo-extraction. Overall, animal fats demonstrated their considerable solvent power for extracting carotenoids and capsaicinoids simultaneously from Sichuan chili, which showed significant potential for developing a novel Sichuan spicy hotpot oil with enhanced flavor and stability.
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