Construction and commissioning of a 215-m-long beamline at SPring-8

Goto, Shunji; Takeshita, Kunikazu; Suzuki, Yoshio; Ohashi, Haruhiko; Asano, Yoshihiro; Kimura, Hiroaki; Matsushita, Teruo; Yagi, Naoto; Isshiki, Minoru; Yamazaki, Hiroshi; Yoneda, Yasuhiro; Umetani, Keiji; Ishikawa, Tetsuya

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00445-4

Cited by 124 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…28) A bending magnet was employed as an X-ray source, and the radiation was monochromatized with Si double crystal monochromator (36.8 m from the X-ray source point). The beam divergences of 1.5 mrad in the horizontal direction and 0.06 m rad in vertical direction provide a high coherent Xray beam at the sample position.…”

Section: Setup Of Observation Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both an absorption contrast due to the difference in absorption and a phase contrast due to the difference in density, which enhances phase boundaries in a specimen, are obtained in the X-ray transmitted images. 28,29) Figure 3(a) shows a setup for observing solidification of pure Fe. An ion chamber for measuring intensity of incident X-ray beam, vacuum chamber in which a specimen with a heating system is set, and an X-ray detector are placed along X-ray beam stream.…”

Section: Setup Of Observation Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of X-ray Imaging for Observing Solidification of Carbon Steels

et al. 2011

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Time-resolved X-ray imaging of dendritic solidification for pure Fe and carbon steels with sufficient spatial and time resolutions has been developed for the first time by overcoming essential problems in low contrast between solid and liquid phases and in high melting temperatures. Static observation showed that the solid/liquid interface in pure Fe specimen was determined by the absorption contrast at photon energy ranging from 16 to 30 keV. In addition, the phase contrast was also observed in the vicinity of the interface. Dynamic observation showed that cellular growth in pure Fe specimen was observed at a growth velocity up to 400 mm/s. Feasibility observation was also performed for two different carbon steels (0.0025 mass% C and 0.45 mass% C). Growing dendrites were observed in-situ at a growth velocity up to 500 mm/s. This study proves that the developed imaging enabled to observe solidification phenomena in-situ for various kinds of steels.KEY WORDS: in-situ observation; radiography; synchrotron radiation; dendrite.of carbon steels by X-ray imaging will be concluded. Based on the requirements, the paper explains an X-ray imaging developed by this study and demonstrates in-situ observation of solidification for pure Fe. Feasibility observations for carbon steels were briefly presented. Preparation of X-ray Imaging Requirement for Transmission X-ray ImagingImportant parameters for developing X-ray imaging using the absorption contrast are intensity of transmission X-ray through a specimen and contrast between different phases. One estimates the intensities through Fe-C alloys and pure Fe for building X-ray optics and for choosing dimension of specimen. In general, intensity of transmission X-ray, I, is expressed by (m/r) and r are the mass X-ray absorption coefficient and the mass density, respectively. The suffix, i, indicates constituent element species. r¯is average density and w i is mass fraction of the constituent element, i. The mass X-ray absorption coefficient, (m/r), which is a function of photon energy, is uniquely defined by the element.The linear X-ray absorption coefficient of Fe-C alloys is given byThe mass X-ray absorption coefficient of C is 0.044 m 2 /kg at 20 keV while that of Fe is 2.57 m 2 /kg at 20 keV. 27) Since the mass fraction of C is mostly less than 0.01 in conventional carbon steels, the mass X-ray absorption coefficient and the density of Fe dominantly determine the linear X-ray absorption coefficient of the Fe-C specimen.Conventional carbon steels contain Mn as well. The mass X-ray absorption coefficient of Mn is 2.25 m 2 /kg at 20 keV. 27) Since the partition coefficient of Mn in Fe matrix is approximately 0.75, difference in Mn concentration between solid and liquid phases is estimated to be 0.1-0.3 mass% for a specimen with average Mn concentration of 0.3-0.9 mass%. Change in the linear X-ray absorption coefficient is evaluated by the same procedure as for Fe-C system. The solute redistribution gives only 0.01-0.03% change in the linear X-ray absorption coefficient. The ch...

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Section: Setup Of Observation Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Setup Of Observation Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of X-ray Imaging for Observing Solidification of Carbon Steels

et al. 2011

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“…The consistent overestimation of PS Area with respect to that obtained experimentally, which we denote as large distance error, could be due to a number of possible effects. While partial coherence (penumbral blurring) was deemed negligible based on the source size given by Goto et al [35], the effects on speckle contrast may be larger than expected. Our group has also found discrepancies between simulated lung speckle contrast using the projection approximation and the more rigorous multi-slice diffraction method, which may also account for the differences.…”

Section: 90±001mentioning

confidence: 87%

Real-time measurement of alveolar size and population using phase contrast x-ray imaging

Leong¹,

Buckley²,

Paganin³

et al. 2014

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Herein a propagation-based phase contrast x-ray imaging technique for measuring particle size and number is presented. This is achieved with an algorithm that utilizes the Fourier space signature of the speckle pattern associated with the images of particles. We validate this algorithm using soda-lime glass particles, demonstrating its effectiveness on random and non-randomly packed particles. This technique is then applied to characterise lung alveoli, which are difficult to measure dynamically in vivo with current imaging modalities due to inadequate temporal resolution and/or depth of penetration and field-of-view. We obtain an important result in that our algorithm is able to measure changes in alveolar size on the micron scale during ventilation and shows the presence of alveolar recruitment/de-recruitment in newborn rabbit kittens. This technique will be useful for ventilation management and lung diagnostic procedures.

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“…The imaging hutch was located in the Biomedical Imaging Centre, 211 meters from the source, 31 and the imaging layout was as described previously, 10 Monochromatic 25 keV (λ=0.5Å) X-rays were selected using a Si(111) double-crystal monochromator to provide maximum flux at this energy, 32 A propagation (sample to detector) distance of ~2 m was chosen to produce optimal phase contrast for airway imaging. X-rays were converted to visible light using a P43 (Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb) scintillator and images were captured using a CCD detector (C9300-124F21, Hamamatsu Photonics) coupled to the scintillator using a fiber optic taper.…”

Section: Imaging Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging reveals fluid dosing dynamics for gene transfer into mouse airways

et al. 2011

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Although airway gene transfer research in mouse models relies on bolus fluid dosing into the nose or trachea the dynamics and immediate fate of delivered gene transfer agents are poorly understood. In particular this is because there are no in vivo methods able to accurately visualize the movement of fluid in small airways of intact animals. Using synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging we show that the fate of surrogate fluid doses delivered into live mouse airways can now be accurately and non-invasively monitored with high spatial and temporal resolution. This new imaging approach can help explain the non-homogenous distributions of gene expression observed in nasal airway gene transfer studies, suggests that substantial dose losses may occur at delivery into mouse trachea via immediate retrograde fluid motion, and shows the influence of the speed of bolus delivery on the relative targeting of conducting and deeper lung airways.These findings provide insight into some of the factors that can influence gene expression in vivo, and this method provides a new approach to documenting and analyzing dose delivery in small animal models.

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Construction and commissioning of a 215-m-long beamline at SPring-8

Cited by 124 publications

References 6 publications

Development of X-ray Imaging for Observing Solidification of Carbon Steels

Development of X-ray Imaging for Observing Solidification of Carbon Steels

Real-time measurement of alveolar size and population using phase contrast x-ray imaging

Synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging reveals fluid dosing dynamics for gene transfer into mouse airways

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