Construction and application of phenytoin anion-selective electrode based on bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensing technique

Abstract

This paper describes the construction of an anion-selective bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensor for the direct determination of phenytoin sodium for the first time. Based on the sensitive mass response of a piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) and selective adsorption-desorption across the modified film, the BAW sensor was fabricated by coating a polyvinylchloride (PVC) film containing activator on one side of a PQC. The method was found to be sensitive, rapid and easy to handle without pretreatment of the sample. The logarithm of the frequency shift of the PQC shows a linear relationship to the logarithm of the concentration of phenytoin over the range 6.7 x 10(-8)-8.0 x 10(-4) M with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-8) M at pH 10.0. Recoveries were in the range 98.5-102.0%. Influencing factors were examined and optimized. Also discussed is the preliminary application of the phenytoin BAW sensor in serum and injection. The results for real samples obtained by the proposed method agreed with those obtained by conventional methods.

Quartz Crystal Microbalance: A Useful Tool for Studying Thin Polymer Films and Complex Biomolecular Systems at the Solution−Surface Interface

“…9 Therefore, we only briefly address this area in the current review. In buffered solutions and other solvents, drugs such as dansylphenylalanine, 159 sialic acid, 160 D and L-phenylalanine, 161 caffeine, 162 procaniamide, 60 trimethoprim, 163 and 5-propranolol 164 have been detected at concentrations ranging from nM to mM. Moreover, drugs such as paracetamol, 165 phenacetin, 166 and o-phenylenediammine 167 have also been detected in either serum or urine in the nM to µM range.…”

An ONIOM investigation on anion recognition of alkali–metal complexes with diurea calix[4]arene receptor

“…The binding energy (ΔE binding ) of guest on host of the ONIOM calculations of the present system were evaluated using the following equation: The binding selectivity of calix [4]arene receptor to guest B with respect to guest A were derived from the selectivity coefficient (K A B ) [45], which is defined as the equilibrium constant of the ion exchange between ions A and B. Since this exchange is a chemical reaction, i.e., AX+B ↔ BX+ A, it can be treated like any other mass action expression.…”

A survey of the 2001 to 2005 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature: applications of acoustic physics to the analysis of biomolecular interactions

“…Applications relevant to this section include a MIP-QCM sensor for tegafur (a pro-drug of 5-fluorouracil) using electropolymerized m-aminophenol (Liao et al, 2004), sorbitol using electropolymerized o-phenylenediamine (Feng et al, 2004a), phenacetin (in human serum and urine) (Tan et al, 2001b), oxytocin and vasopressin (Lin et al, 2003), phenytoin (an anticonvulsant) using an imprinted polyvinylchloride film (Long et al, 2001a), caffeine using polyacrilonitrile copolymers (Kobayashi et al, 2001b), acetaldehyde using methyl methacrylate/ ethylene dimethacrylate film (Hirayama et al, 2002), hexachlorobenzene (Das et al, 2003) and for L-glutamic acid using thin TiO 2 film (Feng et al, 2004b). Other small molecule detection assays exploiting MIPs as the recognition element include those for terpenes (Percival et al, 2001), aminopyrene (Tan et al, 2001a) and propranolol (Piacham et al, 2005).…”