Constructing Copernicus

Barker, Peter

doi:10.1162/106361402321147531

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ptolemy's geocentric model predicted the angular locations of planets, but Kopernikus' heliocentric model was more elegant, simple, and enabled many productive insights into astronomy (Barker, 2002;Eyster, 2021).…”

Section: Scientis Ts Are Part Of the Ne T Work Of Rel Ati On S: G Old...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical examples demonstrate how relational thinking might enrich science and practice

2023

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Interdependent relationships among humans and nature often go overlooked, delaying better environmental, social and public health outcomes. Emerging approaches have emphasized thinking through relationships, which we call ‘relational thinking’. Threads of relational thinking have matured in areas such as anthropology and Indigenous scholarship, and interest is growing across many disciplines. Welcoming this new cadre of relational thinkers requires a more broadly accessible synthesis. Sustainability scholars have begun to overcome these barriers with high‐level overviews and broad calls to adopt relational thinking. This literature has investigated the conceptual underpinnings of relational thinking, but the concrete, empirical benefits of relational thinking for understanding human–natural systems remain obscure. Here, we introduce a wide range of accessible empirical examples to demonstrate the potential for relational thinking to illuminate diverse coupled human‐and‐natural systems. We complement these examples with an overview of the theory behind relational thinking. We use these empirical examples to argue that some conventional methods are consistent with relational thinking, particularly when accompanied by deliberation and flexibility about which relationships to target, why, and how. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Section: Scientis Ts Are Part Of the Ne T Work Of Rel Ati On S: G Old...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical examples demonstrate how relational thinking might enrich science and practice

2023

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“…Rheticus, at least in 1540, advocated both Copernicus's mathematical models and his cosmology. Reinhold was the leader of a wider movement that rejected sun centered cosmology but accepted Copernicus' mathematical models in preference to Ptolemy's (Barker 2002(Barker , 2009). …”

Section: The Copernican Revolution and Conceptual Revolutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Barker

2011

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For historical epistemology to succeed, it must adopt a defensible set of categories to characterise scientific activity over time. In historically orientated philosophy of science during the twentieth century, the original categories of theory and observation were supplemented or replaced by categories like paradigm, research program and research tradition. Underlying all three proposals was talk about conceptual systems and conceptual structures, attributed to individual scientists or to research communities, however there has been little general agreement on the nature of these structures. Recent experimental research in cognitive science has considerably refined the theory of concepts. Drawing upon the results of that research, philosophers can construct more concrete and empirically defensible representations of conceptual systems. I will suggest that this research supports a modest and useful sense of both normal and revolutionary science, not as epistemological continuities or discontinuities, but as particular patterns of conceptual change.

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“…In particular, they had appeared in Latin astronomy textbooks throughout the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, especially commentaries on Peurbach‘s Theoricae novae planetarum . But the significance of these texts had been eclipsed by the acceptance of Copernicanism in a form that ultimately eliminated celestial orbs (Barker, 2002) and, in the twentieth century, by the general acceptance of a historiographical thesis originating in the work of Pierre Duhem (Duhem 1908; 1969). Duhem had proposed that the astronomical tradition from the Greeks forward encompassed two opposing views on the status of astronomical models: the view that they were at best fictions, and the view that they were attempts to describe the real nature of astronomical bodies.…”

Section: Commentary 02 Peter Barkermentioning

confidence: 99%