“…While aqueous batteries, such as aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs), 4,5 aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs), 6,7 aqueous potassium-ion batteries (APIBs), 8,9 and aqueous magnesium-ion batteries (AMIBs) 10,11 have attracted much attention, their poor cycle life and high cost have hindered their application. Recently, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) 12,13 with high safety, nontoxicity, good specific capacity, and considerable power density 14,15 have emerged as a potential solution for ESSs. However, the application of AZIBs has been limited due to poor coulombic efficiency (CE), dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and severe voltage polarization.…”