Constructed wetlands in China: recent developments and future challenges

Liu, Dong; Ge, Ying; Chang, Jie; Peng, Changhui; Gu, Baojing; Chan, Gilbert Ys; Wu, Xiaofu

doi:10.1890/070110

Cited by 104 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…As one of the widely applied CW types for wastewater treatment and ecological restoration in China, integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) has been utilized in over 200 ecological engineering projects due to its relatively compact constitution and acceptable performance [15][16][17]. DW and SW were two types of representative wastewater frequently introduced into IVCW, but the information on the difference of P retention capacities of IVCWs dealing with them is not available, which is of great significance to specify real design for applicable large-scale IVCW system and suggestion for favorable operation and management strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of total phosphorus removal performances for treatment of domestic and secondary wastewater using integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands: two years’ experience

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TFour small-scale gravel-based integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs) were established to treat domestic and secondary wastewater (SW) in parallel under two loading rates (LRs) for an operational period of about two years and the total phosphorus (TP) removal performances were investigated and compared. Highly effective TP elimination sustained for about 10 d, with remarkable declines followed to relatively stable efficiencies for both types of wastewater. Significant difference of TP removal performance for the two types of wastewater was observed. In period 1, under high LR, the IVCWs performed better when treating domestic wastewater (DW), achieving average removal efficiency and rate of 51.6% and 0.389 g m, respectively, compared to those of 30.1% and 0.233 g mfor SW. However, in the operational period 2 fed with a low LR, better TP removal performance was achieved for SW, with reduction efficiency and rate of 41.5% and 0.057 g m −2 d −1 on average, while the corresponding value for the treatment of DW was just 12.5% and 0.023 g m. Significant correlations between TP removal efficiency and plant growth detected during this period and better developed vegetation in systems fed with SW might suggest the considerable role of plant growth, which could be influenced by inlet properties, on P retention and lifespan extending of constructed wetland. Gravel-based IVCW could be employed to remove low load of phosphorus and wastewater properties, and plant growth cycle should be taken into consideration in future IVCW design and application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of total phosphorus removal performances for treatment of domestic and secondary wastewater using integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands: two years’ experience

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…3a), indicating that nitrification in plant rhizome became stronger over time in the CW with high nutrient input [25]. Nitrification depends primarily on ammonium concentration and activities of nitrifiers in the substrate [17,21,26]. The substrate ammonium and nitrate concentrations were positively related in Dry substrate at 0-30 cm depth.…”

Section: Effects Of Species Richness On Substrate Inorganic N Concentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Meanwhile, a subsurface vertical flow CW, which was constructed in 2005 in Zhejiang Province, southeast China, provided an opportunity for the biodiversity assemblage experiment [16,17]. Here, we test the hypothesis that plant SR has positive effects on substrate inorganic N retention and ecosystem productivity in the CW with high N input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Species Richness Affected Nitrogen Retention and Ecosystem Productivity in a Full‐Scale Constructed Wetland

Zhu

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2012

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The effects of plant species richness (SR; i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 species per plot) on substrate nitrate and ammonium retention and ecosystem productivity in a full-scale constructed wetland (CW) with high nitrogen (N) input were studied. Substrate nitrate (0.1-16.4 mg kg À1 ) and ammonium concentrations (1.3-9.2 mg kg À1 ) in this study were higher than those in other comparable biodiversity experiments. Substrate nitrate concentration significantly increased while ammonium concentration significantly decreased with the increase of plant SR (p ¼ 0.008 and 0.040, respectively). The response of ecosystem productivity to increasing SR was unimodal with four species per plot achieving the greatest productivity. Transgressive overyielding, which was compared to the most productive of corresponding monocultures, did not occur in most polycultures. We conclude that substrate N retention was enhanced by plant SR even with high N input, and plant SR could be managed to improve the efficiency of N removals in CWs for wastewater treatment.

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“…Constructed wetland (CW) technology began to proliferate heavily in Europe during the 1980's and 90's, as well as in North America, and now is a commonly employed method for water treatment in both regions, as well as in China where the CW has gained increasing interest since the late 1990's [1], [2]. A CW comprises of an aggregate matrix, typically gravel, through which the wastewater is mechanically filtered and where microorganisms grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of magnetic resonance probes for use as embedded sensors in constructed wetlands

Hughes‐Riley

Dye

Anderez

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Constructed wetlands are now accepted as an environmentally friendly means of wastewater treatment however, their effectiveness can be limited by excessive clogging of the pores within the gravel matrix, making this an important parameter to monitor. It has previously been shown that the clog state can be characterised using magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation parameters with permanent magnet based sensors. One challenge with taking MR measurements over a time scale on the order of years is that seasonal temperature fluctuations will alter both the way that the sensor operates as well as the relaxation times recorded. Without an understanding of how the sensor will behave under different temperature conditions, meaningful information about the clog state cannot be successfully extracted from a wetland. This work reports the effect of temperature on a permanent magnet based MR sensor to determine if the received signal intensity is significantly compromised as a result of large temperature changes, and whether meaningful relaxation data can be extracted over the temperature range of interest. To do this, the central magnetic field of the sensor was monitored as a function of temperature, showing an expected linear relationship. Signal intensity was measured over a range of temperatures (5 °C to 44 °C) for which deterioration at high and low temperatures compared to room temperature was observed. The sensor was still operable at the extremes of this range and the reason for the signal loss has been studied and explained. Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements using the sensor at different temperatures have also been taken on a water sample and seem to agree with literature values. Further to this, measurements have been taken in an operational wetland over the course of 203 days and have shown a linear dependence with temperature as would be expected. This work concluded that the sensor can perform the task of measuring the spin-lattice relaxation time over the required temperature range making it suitable for long-term application in constructed wetlands.

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Constructed wetlands in China: recent developments and future challenges

Cited by 104 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative evaluation of total phosphorus removal performances for treatment of domestic and secondary wastewater using integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands: two years’ experience

Comparative evaluation of total phosphorus removal performances for treatment of domestic and secondary wastewater using integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands: two years’ experience

Plant Species Richness Affected Nitrogen Retention and Ecosystem Productivity in a Full‐Scale Constructed Wetland

Temperature dependence of magnetic resonance probes for use as embedded sensors in constructed wetlands

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