Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy)

Tuttolomondo, Teresa; Virga, Giuseppe; Licata, Mario; Leto, Claudio; Bella, Salvatore La

doi:10.3390/w12092542

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The results showed very high BOD5 removal (91.18%). This value is higher compared to that of a previously reported study [13] which used ornamental plants and resulted in 75-83% BOD5 removal. The BOD5 removal of this study is also much better than the study [26], which used Cyperus alternifolius plant, applied HRT for four days, and resulted in 73% BOD5 removal.…”

Section: A Bod5 Removalcontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The CWs are artificially engineered ecosystems designed and constructed to mirror or replicate natural wetland system processes under controlled conditions for treating wastewater [6], [13]. The first experiment on the possibility of wastewater treatment with wetland plants was conducted by Seidel in the 1960s and by Kickuth in the 1970s [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial Stage in Designing Household Constructed Wetlands: Selection of a Suitable Aquatic Plant

Qomariyah¹,

Ramelan²,

Setyono³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Constructing centralized wastewater treatment plant systems to serve and control city sanitation requirements is vastly expensive in developing countries. Consequently, employing decentralized wastewater treatment systems through utilizing constructed wetlands (CWs) for individual households should be promoted. In this study, the most appropriate aquatic species planted in constructed wetlands were examined for treating greywater at the household level in humid tropical regions. Three different decorative aquatic plants (i.e., Echinodorus palaefolius, Typha latifolia, and Cyperus alternifolius) were compared based on their performances. Also, three similar wetlands having a total working volume of 158.42 liters with a gravel sand filter were used in this study. One day, a period was allocated for the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which corresponds to the applied hydraulic loading rate of 115.5-and 150.5-mm d -1 for the first and second experiments, respectively. The high percentage removal of 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), along with an aesthetic green view and minimum maintenance of decorative plants, was employed as the selection criteria. Insitu measurements were also undertaken for pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids. The findings indicate that the most significant BOD5 removal was with the Cyperus alternifolius plants, which showed a very high BOD5 removal rate (91.18%). The Cyperus alternifolus species were more resistant in full direct sunlight conditions and adaptable to grow in temporarily or fully submerged conditions. These results, therefore, suggest that Cyperus alternifolius is the most suitable plant species for the treatment of greywater in household CWs in the tropics.

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Section: A Bod5 Removalcontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Stage in Designing Household Constructed Wetlands: Selection of a Suitable Aquatic Plant

Qomariyah¹,

Ramelan²,

Setyono³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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“…In areas with prolonged water shortage, as is found in the Mediterranean region, the use of treated wastewater (TWW) for combined irrigation and fertilization represents a sustainable cultivation practice also for aromatic plants. Many studies have examined the effects of TWW on horticultural and open field crops, evaluating how TWW affects plant growth and soil characteristics both in the short and long-term period [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Little attention has been paid to the use of TWW for the cultivation of aromatic species [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], probably due to cultural reasons related to public acceptance and bad perception of TWW reuse in agriculture [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Irrigation with Different Sources of Water on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Compounds in Oregano

Virga

Sabatino

Licata

et al. 2020

Plants

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Aromatic plants can benefit from the use of treated wastewater to satisfy their water requirements, but the effects on the essential oil yield and quality need an assessment. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of freshwater and treated wastewater obtained from a Sicilian (Italy) pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system on plant growth and yield, essential oil yield and composition of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) and soil characteristics. The system had a total surface area of 100 m2 and was planted with giant reed and umbrella sedge. An experimental open field of oregano was set up close to the system. Two years and two different sources of irrigation water were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. Treated wastewater was characterized by higher values of mineral and organic constituents than freshwater. The results highlight that short-term irrigation with freshwater and treated wastewater, in both years, led to increased plant growth, dry weight and essential oil yield of oregano plants. However, it did not significantly affect the essential oil content and composition in comparison with the control. Furthermore, the year and source of irrigation water did not significantly vary the chemical composition of the soil. Our results suggest that treated wastewater can be considered an alternative to freshwater for the cultivation of oregano due to the fact that it does not greatly influence the yield quality and quantity of this species in the short-term.

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“…It was demonstrated [23] that the quality of the irrigation water did not have a significant effect on rosemary. In contrast, other authors [60] observed that irrigation significantly influenced the main characteristics of rosemary plants grown in pots. In our study, it was noted that the interval of time between irrigation events significantly influenced the characteristics of rosemary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of Irrigation, Peat-Alternative Substrate and Plant Habitus on the Morphological and Production Characteristics of Sicilian Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Biotypes Grown in Pot

et al. 2020

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Irrigation and growing substrate are considered as essential cultivation practices in order to obtain good productive and qualitative performance of potted rosemary plants. In pot growing, the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the substrate must be stable over time in order to allow regular plant growth. However, the effects of cultivation techniques on the characteristics of potted rosemary are little known. Peat is traditionally used as the organic growing medium; however, despite numerous advantages, its use has determined a degradation of peatlands in the northern hemisphere and an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of irrigation and peat-alternative substrates on the morphological, aesthetic and production characteristics of potted Sicilian rosemary biotypes with different habitus types. Two years, two different irrigation levels, three peat-alternative substrates and three types of rosemary plant habitus were tested in a split-split-split-plot design for a four-factor experiment. The results highlight that irrigation and substrate determined significant differences for all tested parameters. Rosemary plants demonstrated the best performances when irrigation was more frequent; vice versa, the greatest percent content in essential oil was obtained when irrigation events were less frequent. The chemical–physical characteristics of peat-alternative substrates changed with decreases in the peat content and increases in the compost content. The erect habitus biotype showed the best adaptation capacity to the various treatments. Our results suggest that irrigation and peat-alternative substrates significantly affect the growth of rosemary plants and should, therefore, be taken into consideration in order to improve the cultivation of this species in pots for ornamental purposes.

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Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy)

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Initial Stage in Designing Household Constructed Wetlands: Selection of a Suitable Aquatic Plant

Initial Stage in Designing Household Constructed Wetlands: Selection of a Suitable Aquatic Plant

Effects of Irrigation with Different Sources of Water on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Compounds in Oregano

Effects of Irrigation, Peat-Alternative Substrate and Plant Habitus on the Morphological and Production Characteristics of Sicilian Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Biotypes Grown in Pot

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