Constraints on human arm movement trajectories.

Marteniuk, Ronald G.; MacKenzie, Christine L.; Jeannerod, Marc; Athènes, Sylvie; Dugas, Claude

doi:10.1037/h0084157

Cited by 652 publications

(380 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Longer durations of the deceleration phases have been associated to feedback control processes of the aiming movement per se (e.g. Plamondon and Alimi 26 and Marteniuk et al) 27 In our study, however, the targets presented similar difficulties for both groups and the initial position of the subjects with respect to the target was also identical. This increased difficulty, not accounted for by the aiming constraints, could emerge from the added balance control imposed by obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

Berrigan

Simoneau

Tremblay³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

104

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Introduction: Obesity yields a decreased postural stability. The potentially negative impact of obesity on the control of upper limb movements, however, has not been documented. This study sought to examine if obesity imposes an additional balance control constraint limiting the speed and accuracy with which an upper limb goal-directed movement performed from an upright standing position can be executed. Method: Eight healthy lean subjects (body mass index (BMI) between 20.9 and 25.0 kg/m 2 ) and nine healthy obese subjects (BMI between 30.5 and 48.6 kg/m 2 ) pointed to a target located in front of them from an upright standing posture. The task was to aim at the target as fast and as precisely as possible after an auditory signal. The difficulty of the task was varied by using different target sizes (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 cm width). Hand movement time (MT) and velocity profiles were measured to quantify the aiming. Centre of pressure and segmental kinematics were analysed to document postural stability. Results: When aiming, the forward centre of pressure (CP) displacement was greater for the obese group than for the normal BMI group (4.6 and 1.9 cm, respectively). For the obese group, a decrease in the target size was associated with an increase in backward CP displacement and CP peak speed whereas for the normal BMI group backward CP displacements and CP peak speed were about the same across all target sizes. Obese participants aimed at the target moving their whole body forward whereas the normal BMI subjects predominantly made an elbow extension and shoulder flexion. For both groups, MT increased with a decreasing target size. Compare to the normal BMI group, this effect was exacerbated for the obese group. For the two smallest targets, movements were on average 115 and 145 ms slower for the obese than for the normal BMI group suggesting that obesity added a balance constraint and limited the speed with which an accurate movement could be done. Summary: Obesity, because of its effects on the control of balance, also imposes constraints on goal-directed movements. From a clinical perspective, obese individuals might be less efficient and more at risk of injuries than normal weight individuals in a large number of work tasks and daily activities requiring upper limb movements performed from an upright standing position.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

Berrigan

Simoneau

Tremblay³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, when reaching to grasp an object, the hand deceleration phase is longer when the target object is a lightbulb than when it is a tennis ball (Marteniuk, MacKenzie, Jeannerod, Athenes, & Dugas, 1987). Predictive behavior thus seems to require that the agent possess internal representations of the entities involved, including their properties and behaviors.…”

Section: Predictive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of perception and action.

Warren¹

2006

Psychological Review

678

554

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How might one account for the organization in behavior without attributing it to an internal control structure? The present article develops a theoretical framework called behavioral dynamics that integrates an information-based approach to perception with a dynamical systems approach to action. For a given task, the agent and its environment are treated as a pair of dynamical systems that are coupled mechanically and informationally. Their interactions give rise to the behavioral dynamics, a vector field with attractors that correspond to stable task solutions, repellers that correspond to avoided states, and bifurcations that correspond to behavioral transitions. The framework is used to develop theories of several tasks in which a human agent interacts with the physical environment, including bouncing a ball on a racquet, balancing an object, braking a vehicle, and guiding locomotion. Stable, adaptive behavior emerges from the dynamics of the interaction between a structured environment and an agent with simple control laws, under physical and informational constraints.Keywords: perception and action, perceptual-motor control, dynamical systems, self-organization, locomotionThe organization of behavior has been a central concern of psychology for well over a century. How is it that humans and other animals can generate behavioral patterns that are tightly coordinated with the environment, in the service of achieving a specific goal? This ability to produce stable yet adaptive behavior raises two constituent issues. On the one hand, it implicates the coordination of action, such that the many neuromusculoskeletal components of the body become temporarily organized into an ordered pattern of movement. On the other, it implicates perception, such that information about the world and the body enables appropriate actions to be selected and adapted to environmental conditions. At a basic level, the problem of the organization of behavior is thus synonymous with the problem of perception and action. Moreover, an adequate theory of perceptually controlled action would provide a platform for understanding more "cognitive" behavior such as extended action sequences, anticipatory behavior oriented to remote goals, or predictive behavior that takes account of hidden environmental properties.It seems natural to presume that observed organization in behavior implies ipso facto the existence of a centralized controller-a pattern generator, action plan, or internal model that is responsible for its organization and regulation. Such an assumption has been commonplace in psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and robotics. In each domain, organization in behavior has been attributed to prior organization in the structure of the nervous system (the neuroreductionist view), the structure of internal representations (the cognitivist view), or in the contingencies presented by the environment (the behaviorist view). This is unsatisfying because it merely displaces the original problem of behavioral organization to a preexist...

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“…During a reach and grasp, the arm, hand and digits move toward the desired object in a highly structured behavioral pattern, with kinematic features reflecting the object's size, shape, orientation and position (Jeannerod, 1981(Jeannerod, ,1984(Jeannerod, ,1986. Furthermore, the way people pick up an object is determined in large part by how the object will be used (Marteniuk, MacKenzie, Jeannerod, Athènes, & Dugas, 1987), demonstrating the interaction between distal goal and proximate solutions. If no distal action by the object is required, then the grasp configuration is determined in large measure by the optimal biomechanical position of the hand on the object (Rosenbaum, Meulenbroek, & Vaughan, 2001;Rosenbaum, Meulenbroek, Vaughan, & Elsinger, 1999;Rosenbaum, Vaughan, Barnes, & Jorgensen, 1992).…”

Section: Prehensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action representation in the brain

Grafton

Hamilton

2007

Human Movement Science

429

359

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Complex human behavior is organized around temporally distal outcomes. Behavioral studies based on tasks such as normal prehension, multi-step object use and imitation establish the existence of relative hierarchies of motor control. The retrieval errors in apraxia also support the notion of a hierarchical model for representing action in the brain. In this review, three functional brain imaging studies of action observation using the method of repetition suppression are used to identify a putative neural architecture that supports action understanding at the level of kinematics, object centered goals and ultimately, motor outcomes. These results, based on observation, may match a similar functional anatomic hierarchy for action planning and execution. If this is true, then the findings support a functional anatomic model that is distributed across a set of interconnected brain areas that are differentially recruited for different aspects of goal oriented behavior, rather than a homogeneous mirror neuron system for organizing and understanding all behavior.

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Constraints on human arm movement trajectories.

Cited by 652 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

The dynamics of perception and action.

Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action representation in the brain

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