Constrained Random Routing Mechanism for Source Privacy Protection in WSNs

Chen, Wenlong; Zhang, Mingshu; Hu, Guangwu; Tang, Xiaolan; Sangaiah, Arun Kumar

doi:10.1109/access.2017.2752179

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To minimize the communication cost while achieving high levels of adversary obfuscation, the DDR, TDR, PRR, and FPR protocols can integrate node offset angle routing strategies in their routing algorithms. The effectiveness of the node offset angle routing algorithms was demonstrated in [4], [34], and [36]. To improve the privacy performance of the PRR protocol, the real packet routes and fake packet routes must be homogenous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

IEEE Access

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In many Internet of Things (IoT) systems and monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are expected to function for prolonged periods of time with no scope of recharging the sensor node batteries. Similarly, in safety-critical monitoring applications, the WSNs are expected to guarantee effective source location privacy (SLP) protection throughout the network lifetime. Fake packet-based SLP protocols are often energy-inefficient, they incur short network lifetime, and have high probability of packet collision events. Therefore, it is important to evaluate features such as the capability of the protocols to guarantee effective SLP protection for prolonged periods of time and reliable packet delivery. The existing studies show some deficit in the performance evaluation of the protocols. Consequently, this paper presents some investigations on the performance of the fake packet-based SLP protocols. Comprehensive performance analysis of four existing protocols is done under varied network parameters and configurations. Performance is observed under varied sensor node residual energy, source-sink distance, lifetime, source packet rate, network size, and node density. Analysis results establish that the protocols are capable of achieving high levels of SLP protection. However, the privacy protection is short-lived. Furthermore, the results show that long source-sink distance, long fake packet routes, short distance between fake packet sources and phantom nodes, and large amounts of fake packet traffic can improve the SLP protection while diminishing the packet delivery reliability, energy efficiency, and the network lifetime. The results also show that when the source packet rate is increased it influences some negative effects on the performance of the protocols. Moreover, it is observed that integrating fake packet routing and packet flooding techniques can impact some positive effects on the SLP protection and negative effects on the network lifetime. Based on the observations and analysis results, some recommendations are presented to improve the performance of the protocols. INDEX TERMS Source location privacy protection, wireless sensor network, routing protocol, fake packet routing, packet delivery reliability. LILIAN C. MUTALEMWA received the B.Eng. degree in telecommunications engineering from the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

IEEE Access

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“…The scheme achieved low energy consumption, but the scheme can be applied to WSN with only one sink. Chen et al 51 presented the constrained routing mechanism for the WSN. The scheme concentrated on the privacy issues, and has neglected the importance of the energy balancing.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified rider optimization algorithm for multihop routing in WSN

Augustine¹,

Ananth²

2020

Int J Numerical Modelling

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have an important role in establishing the communication between the Internet of things (IoT) devices. Routing is an important research field in the WSN as it helps in finding the suitable paths for the communication. This paper proposes a multipath routing algorithm based on the optimization approach. The proposed routing algorithm has two important phases, namely, Cluster head selection and multipath routing. Initially, the cluster head selection is carried out by the kernel based Fuzzy C Means (kernel FCM) algorithm. Then, the multipath routing is established by the newly developed Rider Salp Swarm Optimization algorithm (RSSA), which is the integration of the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA). The fitness function of the proposed RSSA is designed by considering the several factors, such as energy, QoS and trust. The simulation of the proposed work is carried out using different WSN setups, and the results are compared with several comparative techniques. From the results, it can be summarized that the proposed RSSA based multipath routing has better performance with values of 0.2526, 0.0764, 0.5, and 26 for delay, energy, throughput and number of alive nodes, respectively.

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“…The candidate set changes at every packet forwarding instance to form multiple paths towards the sink node for high privacy level. Other angle-based routing schemes include two-phantom angle-based routing [14] and constrained random routing [15]. Two-phantom angle-based routing scheme considers a triplet for selecting the phantom nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy consumption of the proposed scheme can be improved by a more strategic distribution of mediate and diversion nodes in the network. Also, the angle-based routing technique used in [15] can be applied to reduce the energy consumption of the proposed scheme. In [15], rectangular coordinate technique is used in the process of next-hop selection to minimize the lengths of routing paths and nodes with smaller offset angles are given higher priority to be selected as next-hop nodes.…”

Section: Performance Analysis and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the angle-based routing technique used in [15] can be applied to reduce the energy consumption of the proposed scheme. In [15], rectangular coordinate technique is used in the process of next-hop selection to minimize the lengths of routing paths and nodes with smaller offset angles are given higher priority to be selected as next-hop nodes. The proposed scheme is good for applications which require high source location privacy but with relaxed requirements in delivery latency, delivery ratio, and tolerance of slightly higher energy consumption.…”

Section: Performance Analysis and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategic Location-Based Random Routing for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mutalemwa¹,

Shin²

2018

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed in sensitive applications, such as in military and asset monitoring. In these applications, it is important to ensure good source location privacy. This is owing to the open nature of WSNs and the easiness of an adversary to eavesdrop on sensor communication and back trace the location of the source node. This paper proposes a scheme to preserve the source location privacy based on random routing techniques. To achieve high privacy, packets are randomly routed from the source to the sink node through strategically positioned mediate or diversion nodes. The random selection of mediate or diversion nodes is location-based. Depending on the location of the source node, packets are forwarded through different regions of the network. The proposed scheme guarantees that successive packets are routed through very different routing paths and adversaries find it confusing to back trace them to the source node location. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively confuses the adversary and provides higher source location privacy to outperform other routing-based source location privacy schemes.

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Constrained Random Routing Mechanism for Source Privacy Protection in WSNs

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

A modified rider optimization algorithm for multihop routing in WSN

Strategic Location-Based Random Routing for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

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