“…For fatigue, the effect of cycle asymmetry is taken into account. At subsequent levels, the regularities are generalized to non-isothermal loading, three-dimensional stress state, anisotropy, bimodularity (Abdul-Latif, 2021; Betten, 2008; Ferreira et al., 2022; Gorash, 2014; Guo et al., 2021; Kachanov, 1986; Krajcinovic, 1996; Lemaitre and Chaboche, 1990; Mattiello and Desmorat, 2021; Meyers and Chawla, 2009; Murakami, 2012; Naumenko and Altenbach, 2016; Rabotnov, 1969; Sattar et al., 2022), etc. At each of these levels, 1) the accumulation of experimental data and 2) the construction of mathematical models adequate to them takes place.…”