Constituents and biological activities of Schinus polygamus

Erazo, Silvia; Delporte, Carla; Negrete, Rosa; Garcı́a, Ricardo; Zaldı́var, Mercedes; Iturra, Gladys; Caballero, Esther; López, J. L.; Backhouse, Nadine

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.028

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both α-and β-pinene have been reported as sedatives (Mercier et al, 2009) and analgesics (Erazo et al, 2006). Kasanen et al (1998) also reported that all pinenes induced sedation followed by signs of anesthesia in mice.…”

Section: Transportation Experimentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anesthesia and transport of fat snook Centropomus parallelus with the essential oil of Nectandra megapotamica(Spreng.) Mez

et al. 2013

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This study analyzed the chemical composition and anesthetic potential of essential oil (EO) of Nectandra megapotamica in fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). For the extraction of EO by hydrodistillation, leaves were separated in young (EO-Y) or old (EO-O), and the chemical composition of the EOs was determined by CG-MS. The anesthetic potential was assessed by the evaluation of induction and recovery time of anesthesia and stress response from anesthesia and transport. Three experiments were carried out: i) four different concentrations of each EO were tested to evaluate anesthesia induction and recovery time; ii) two concentrations of EO-O were tested for the evaluation of its effects on stress parameters (glucose, lactate, and Na + and K + plasma levels) caused by anesthesia; and iii) fish were transported in plastic bags, supplied with two concentrations of EO-O for the evaluation of water quality and mortality. All experiments were performed on fish acclimated to 0 and 33 ppt salinity. The main constituents of the Y and O-EOs were bicyclogermacrene (46.5/34.6%), α-pinene (26.8/26.2%), β-pinene (7.9/12.3%), and germacrene D (9.6/9.1%). Mild sedation was achieved at 30 µL L -1 (1.3-3.2 min) and deep anesthesia at 150 µL L -1 (5.6-8.0 min) with both EOs. The recovery time ranged from 1-10 min. The EO-O was not able to avoid the stress of anesthesia evidenced by elevated glucose and lactate plasma levels observed in all groups. Plasma levels of Na + and K + were not significantly affected by treatments. During transport, the use of EO-O did not prevent deterioration in water quality and the post-transport mortality. In conclusion, the EO of N. megapotamica has anesthetic activity in fat snook, but it was not able to prevent the stress of anesthesia and transport.Este estudo analisou a composição química e o potencial anestésico do óleo essencial (OE) de Nectandra megapotamica em robalos-peva (Centropomus parallelus). Para a extração do OE por hidrodestilação, as folhas foram separadas em jovens (OE-J) ou velhas (OE-V) e a composição química foi determinada por CG-EM. O potencial anestésico foi acessado através da avaliação do tempo de indução e recuperação da anestesia e resposta ao estresse do procedimento anestésico e transporte. Foram realizados três experimentos: em primeiro lugar, quatro concentrações diferentes de cada OE foram testadas para avaliar o tempo de indução à anestesia e de recuperação; em segundo lugar, duas concentrações do OE-V foram testadas para avaliar os efeitos sobre os parâmetros de estresse (níveis plasmáticos de glicose, lactato, Na + e K + ) causados pelo procedimento anestésico; em terceiro lugar, os peixes foram transportados em sacos plásticos com duas concentrações do OE-V para avaliação da qualidade da água e mortalidade. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em peixes aclimatados à salinidade zero e 33. Os constituintes majoritários do OE-J e OE-V foram: biciclogermacreno (46,5/34,6%), α-pineno (26,8/26,2%), β-pineno (7,9/12,3%) e germacreno D (9,6/9,1%). Sedação leve foi alca...

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Section: Transportation Experimentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anesthesia and transport of fat snook Centropomus parallelus with the essential oil of Nectandra megapotamica(Spreng.) Mez

et al. 2013

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“…The hexane and methanol extracts of S. polygamus contain β-sitosterol, quercetin and related compounds, which were associated to analgesic, antiinflammatory and anti-thermal activities. 23,24 Baccharis spicata and S. polygamus are hosts of galling psyllids (Hemiptera, Psyllidae). In B. spicata, as the inductor (an unidentified species of Baccharopelma) attacks leaves; they are folded upward alongside the midrib and the edges of the upper portion approaching each other, forming a longitudinal slit ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 These small conical galls were found dispersed on the leaf blade, which maintains portions of healthy tissue (Figure1). Both species are native of Brazil and belong to plant genera which present volatile organic compounds (VOC) 18,24 that can act as mediators in the interactions between these plant species and some associated herbivores. 9 It is possible that these galling herbivores may induce changes in the VOC-profile of these plant hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the volatile organic profile of Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) and Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) induced by galling psyllids

Damasceno¹,

Nicolli²,

Caramão³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) e Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) são plantas nativas do Rio Grande do Sul e são hospedeiras de dois psilídeos galhadores (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) ainda não identificados. As duas plantas em estudo produzem óleo essencial e seus compostos voláteis podem ter um importante papel na interação inseto-planta. A extração e análise dos voláteis das folhas, folhas galhadas e galhas foram realizadas por microextração em fase sólida no modo "headspace" e por cromatografia gasosa com detector de espectrometria de massas. Verificou-se que a composição do "headspace" das galhas de B. spicata e S. polygamus é diferente daquela do "headspace" das folhas sadias. A principal alteração observada foi o aumento da contribuição de monoterpenos no "headspace" das galhas comparativamente ao que se verificou nos tecidos saudáveis. Algumas mudanças também foram observadas na produção de voláteis verdes, em ambas as espécies, mas especialmente na S. polygamus. O possível papel ecológico desses compostos químicos também é discutido.Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) and Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) are plants native from Rio Grande do Sul and are hosts of two unidentified galling psyllids (Hemiptera, Psyllidae). Both plant species produce essential oil and their volatile compounds play an important role related to this kind of plant-insect interaction. Extraction and analysis of volatiles produced by leaves, galled leaves and galls were performed using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector. Composition of the headspace of B. spicata and S. polygamus galls showed a significant change in their volatile profile when compared to healthy leaves. These changes were mainly related to a higher production of monoterpenes in galled tissue, compared to what was found in healthy samples. Some changes on the production of green leaf volatiles were also observed in both plant species, especially in S. polygamus. The possible ecological role of these chemical changes was discussed. Keywords: galls, leaves, Baccharis spicata, Schinus polygamus, headspace solid phase microextraction IntroductionGalls are the result of histological alterations in plant organs, mainly hypertrophy and hyperplasy, caused by the activity of an inductor which can be virus, bacteria, nematodes, insects and other plants. These organisms can interfere with the normal development of cells and tissues leading to several physiological and morphological changes. Gall-inducing insects (insect gallmakers) are masters in the art of beguiling or compelling the host plant to provide food and shelter with a minimum expenditure of effort on their part and galls induced by insect are one of most diverse plant galls.1 Galls are found on all plant organs, such as flowers, leaves, stems and roots. They provide food and shelter to the inducer which lives in a microenvironment relatively safe from natural enemies.2 The leaf galls are variable in form and occur in the majority of plant hosts. 2Plant volatil...

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“…They represent a great part of essential oils with sedative properties [66]. When α-and β-pinenes are the major constituents of an essential oil, they warrant the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity [67]. The β-pinenes also show antifungal properties [68], especially on Candida spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

The essential oil of turpentine and its major volatile fraction (α- and β-pinenes): a review

Mercier¹,

Prost²,

Prost³

2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

146

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This paper provides a summary review of the major biological features concerning the essential oil of turpentine, its origin and use in traditional and modern medicine. More precisely, the safety of this volatile fraction to human health, and the medical, biological and environmental effects of the two major compounds of this fraction (α-and β-pinenes) have been discussed. Key words:Spirits of turpentine, α-pinene, β-pinene Received: July 1, 2009. Accepted : September 28, 2009. Address reprint request to B. Mercier, UPRES EA 4183 "Lipides & Signalisation Cellulaire", Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Bourgogne 6, Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon (e-mail: beamercier@laposte.net). ORIGIN OF TURPENTINEThe term "essential oil of turpentine" designates the terpenic oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of the gem pine. It is also named the "spirits of turpentine", "pine tree terpenic", "pine oleoresin", "gum turpentine", "terpenes oil" or "turpentine from Bordeaux". Due to its pleasant fragrance, the terpenic oil is used in the pharmaceutical industry, perfume industry, food additives and other chemical industries (household cleaning products, paintings, varnishes, rubber, insecticides, etc.) [1]. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND TURPENTINEThe eminent doctors of antiquity, Hippocrates, Dioscoride or Galien, used the terpenic oil for its properties against lung diseases and biliary lithiasis. In France, Thillenius, Pitcairn, Récamier and Martinet recommended it against the blennorrhoea and cystitis. Chaumeton, Peschiez, Kennedi, Mérat prescribed it against the neuralgias. It was also used in the treatment of rheumatism, sciatica, nephritis, drop, constipation and mercury salivation. Those scientists also recognized that the terpenic oil may be a booster at an average dose and may have a paralyzing activity at high doses. In Germany, (Rowachol and Rowatinex), Slovenia (Uroterp) and Poland (Terpichol and Terpinex), the traditional drugs for renal and hepatic diseases (especially against cholesterol stones in the gall bladder and the bile duct) contain α-and β-pinenes [2]. Modern phytotherapy describes the following properties of the terpenic oil: antiparasitic, analgesic, revulsive, disinfectant (external use); balsamic, active on bronchial secretion and pulmonary and genito-urinary tract infections, haemostatic, dissolving gallstones, diuretic, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, deworming, being an antidote for poisonings caused by phosphorus [3] and improving the ciliary and secretory activity in patients who present chronic obstructive bronchitis (internal use ) [4]. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE VOLATILE TURPENTINE FRACTIONThe most volatile components of turpentine are two terpenes: alpha (α) and beta (β) pinenes. They are the dominant odorous compounds emitted by trees, shrubs, flowers and grasses [25]. In the lower troposphere, and depending on the weather conditions at the top of the trees, these compounds can react with OH° radicals, ozone, NO 3 radical and O 2 . Indeed, the electric field in the canopy at...

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Constituents and biological activities of Schinus polygamus

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Anesthesia and transport of fat snook Centropomus parallelus with the essential oil of Nectandra megapotamica(Spreng.) Mez

Anesthesia and transport of fat snook Centropomus parallelus with the essential oil of Nectandra megapotamica(Spreng.) Mez

Changes in the volatile organic profile of Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) and Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) induced by galling psyllids

The essential oil of turpentine and its major volatile fraction (α- and β-pinenes): a review

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