Constipation and Megacolon in Rats Related to Treatment with Oxodipine, a Calcium Antagonist

Nyska, Abraham; Waner, Trevor; Galiano, Alvaro; Fich, Abraham

doi:10.1177/019262339402200603

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Cecomegaly is observed following administration of some antibiotics, starches, polyols, lactose, fibers and vehicles which have an osmotic effect ( Newberne et al 1988 ). Megacolon as a result of constipation was induced in rats by a calcium channel antagonist; secondary mucosal necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammation were present in some rats ( Nyska et al 1994 ). Tribromoethanol (Avertin) administered intraperitoneally as an anesthetic has been associated with ileus in rodents ( King and Russell 2006 ).…”

Section: Intestine Small / Largementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions ofthe Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas andSalivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse

et al. 2016

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The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for nonproliferative and proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for classifying lesions in the digestive system including the salivary glands and the exocrine pancreas of laboratory rats and mice. Most lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature, the diagnostic criteria, and the photomicrographs are also available electronically on the Internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and age related lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test items. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for the digestive system will decrease misunderstandings among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

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Section: Intestine Small / Largementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions ofthe Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas andSalivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse

et al. 2016

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“…In adult and in elderly people, the importance of the use of drugs such as narcotics, antihypertensive medications, diuretics, antacids containing aluminium and the long-term use of stimulants or bulkforming laxatives may cause impaction (Tedesco, 1985;Read & Timms, 1987). More recently, calcium channel blockers have been added to the list of compounds that can cause constipation (Nyska et al, 1994). Nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem have been demonstrated to have a profound inhibitory effect on intestinal motility.…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation?

Arnaud

2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

108

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Constipation defined as changes in the frequency, volume, weight, consistency and ease of passage of the stool occurs in any age group. The most important factors known to promote constipation are reduced physical activity and inadequate dietary intake of fibres, carbohydrates and fluids. Fluid losses induced by diarrhoea and febrile illness alter water balance and promote constipation. When children increase their water consumption above their usual intake, no change in stool frequency and consistency was observed. The improvement of constipation by increasing water intake, therefore, may be effective in children only when voluntary fluid consumption is lower-than-normal for the child's age and activity level. In the elderly, low fluid intake, which may be indicative of hypohydration, was a cause of constipation and a significant relationship between liquid deprivation from 2500 to 500 ml per day and constipation was reported. Dehydration is also observed when saline laxatives are used for the treatment of constipation if fluid replacement is not maintained and may affect the efficacy of the treatment. While sulphate in drinking water does not appear to have a significant laxative effect, fluid intake and magnesium sulphate-rich mineral waters were shown to improve constipation in healthy infants. In conclusion, fluid loss and fluid restriction and thus de-or hypohydration increase constipation. It is thus important to maintain euhydration as a prevention of constipation.

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“…Although constipation due to amlodipine is uncommon, CCBs have been reported to increase the risk of constipation. [ 23–28 ] . Concurrent use of constipation‐inducing drugs is best avoided in older hypertensive adults who are already on amlodipine to prevent further worsening of constipation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of drugs with constipation-inducing potential and laxatives in community-dwelling older adults in Bahrain: therapeutic implications

Khaja

James

Veeramuthu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives This study evaluated the prevalence of prescribing drugs with constipation-inducing potential and the prophylactic use of laxatives in community-dwelling older adults. Method An audit of outpatient prescriptions ordered for older adults aged ≥65 years with one or more chronic morbidities in 24 governmental primary healthcare centres in Bahrain. The prescriptions were collected by pharmacistin-charge of each health centre between December 2015 and June 2016. The proportion of prescriptions with constipation-inducing drugs and co-prescribed laxatives was determined. Key findings The overall prevalence of prescribing drugs with the potential to cause constipation was 30.5% (642/2106). Prescriptions with at least one anticholinergic/drug with anticholinergic potential (DAP) were 22.5% (473/2106): single medication in 16.6% (350/2106) and two or more combinations in 5.9% (124/2106). A combination of two or more anticholinergics/DAP accounted for 2.9% (61/2106) prescriptions. Constipation-inducing drugs other than anticholinergics such as multivalent cation preparations and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers were prescribed in 8.0% (168/2106) of cases. Orphenadrine and first-generation antihistamines, both with high anticholinergic drug burden, were the frequently prescribed medications, either alone or combined. The rate of prescribed laxatives was 2.96% (19/642), mostly for those on constipation-inducing drug monotherapy. Conclusion Approximately a third of prescriptions for older adults had constipation-inducing medications, typically a single DAP. Prescribing laxatives were uncommon and did not correlate with the prevalence of prescribing drugs with constipation potential. Physicians' awareness about anticholinergic drugs and their potential risks, and the prophylactic use of laxatives to mitigate iatrogenic constipation are to be included in continuing professional programmes.

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Constipation and Megacolon in Rats Related to Treatment with Oxodipine, a Calcium Antagonist

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions ofthe Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas andSalivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions ofthe Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas andSalivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse

Mild dehydration: a risk factor of constipation?

Prevalence of drugs with constipation-inducing potential and laxatives in community-dwelling older adults in Bahrain: therapeutic implications

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