Consolidation of first‐year sea ice ridges

Abstract

[1] Measurements of spatial and temporal temperature development, geometry morphology, and physical properties in three first-year sea ice ridges at Spitsbergen and in the Gulf of Bothnia have been performed. The corresponding thickness and the physical properties of the surrounding level ice were also measured. The thickness of the consolidated layer was examined through drilling and temperature measurements: the temperatures gave a ratio of the thickness of the consolidated layer to the level ice thickness from 1.39 to 1.61, whereas the drillings indicated a ratio of 1.68-1.85. The measured consolidated layer appeared to be 28% thicker when based on drillings in comparison to temperature. Thus the result depended on the method of investigation; the drillings included a partly consolidated layer. However, the measured growth of the consolidated layer did not depend on the method of investigation. The scatter of the physical properties in the consolidated layer was higher than that of the level ice. The consistency of the unconsolidated rubble differed markedly at the two sites. It was soft and slushy at Spitsbergen and harder in the Gulf of Bothnia. Three possible explanations for these differences are discussed: surrounding currents, different keel shapes, and difference in salinity.INDEX TERMS: 4540 Oceanography: Physical: Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes;

The Louvain-La-Neuve sea ice model LIM3.6: global and regional capabilities

“…Hence, in contrast with other models, the net thermodynamic ice production during convergence is not zero in LIM, since mass is added to sea ice during ridging. Consequently, simulated new ridges have high temperature and salinity as observed (Høyland, 2002). A fraction of snow (50 %) falls into the ocean during deformation.…”

A basal stress parameterization for modeling landfast ice

“…[]. With A = 1, γ = 10 and p = 1/3 (see Høyland [] for typical values of ridge porosity) in equation we find that with β = 0.01 while with a β five times larger. If we do the same thing for k 2 , assuming μ = 0.5, we find that it is equal to 286 Nm −3 with β = 0.01 while it is equal to 1297 Nm −3 with a β five times larger.…”

Ice thickness, growth and salinity in Van Mijenfjorden, Svalbard, Norway

“…(2008). The work on ice ridge consolidation was carried out from 1997 to 1999; an overview is given in Høyland (2002). The present paper deals with ice thickness and ice growth in Van Mijenfjorden, and attempts to summarize our present knowledge on ice growth, ice thickness and salinity.…”