Considering Risk Associated with the Realization of Waste Management Investment Plans in Cracow

Abstract

Abstract.To fulfill obligations to the European Union on waste management, the authorities of the city of Cracow, decided to build a waste incineration plant. Such investment involves considerable risks, not only financial but also social. The paper conducted a risk analysis based on the index net present value, identifies factors which are particularly exposed, and proposes solutions for reducing its level.

Economic efficiency of biogas generation from food product waste

“…During the process of creating a complex for biogas production, it is important to calculate the efficiency of its extraction from household waste for a specific waste landfill (Equation 1). The peculiarities of this method are the installation of the equipment on the landfill site, which could also have negative sides and affect the ecosystem around (it takes into account the indicators A, B) [8,[9][10][11][12]. Fractional waste treatment is considered to be more environmentally friend as it leads to reduce of residues amount (infinitesimal) and refusal of landfills as a form of waste storage as well as gradual processing of existing landfills [10][11][12][13].…”

“…Theoretical and methodological basis of the research consists in general scientific and special methods. The general scientific methods such as monographic and dialectic are used for the process of collecting, systematizing and processing information for the research, as well as theoretical generalizations; the methods of synthesis and comparison are implemented for processing the statistical data necessary for assessing the state, dynamics and comparison of the studied indicators [8][9][10]. Analytical methods and analogical methods for studying waste management in supermarkets of different countries of the world were used.…”

Multi-criteria Analysis of the Waste Management System in a Metropolitan Area

“…Selection of the most favourable solution in a multi-criteria analysis requires the establishment of function that integrates individual characteristics into one overall evaluation. The evaluation parameters subject to integration must be expressed in comparable values and units (standardised) and must be integrated by assigning weights to each individual grade of their respective ranks [1,5,10,[15][16][17][18]. Evaluating and comparing strategies and selecting the best strategy for a waste management system are possible only through the numeric determination of criteria, that measure the entire system's operation.…”

“…The steps in selecting the most favourable waste management system are as follows: defining the problem; determining the variants of waste management system operations in the region, on the basis of its detailed characteristics and data; describing and adopting calculation methods for particular evaluation criteria; evaluating the functioning of particular variants of the waste management system through measurable evaluation criteria; selecting the most favourable solution from the multi-criteria analysis results based on the accepted evaluation criteria [17,18].…”

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust collected in Cracow

“…Dust on urban impervious surface which also contain heavy metals, has become one of the most important issues in urban environmental management and it's considered as toxic [1][2][3]. It can be easily re-suspended under certain outside dynamic condition, pollutants adsorbed on them enter human body by the pathways of respiratory inhalation and direct skin contact [1,4,5].…”