Considerations of Schistosome Physiology in the Search for Antibilharziasis Drugs*

Senft, Alfred W.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb15876.x

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The schistosome digestive tract has been more or less ignored in several ultrastructure investigations, although it long has been recognized, because of its role in the physiology and development of the organism (Senft, 1969;Erasmus, 1977). However, there have been a few reports on drug action relative to this organ appeared to be comparable with the present finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…On the other hand, the schistosome digestive tract has been more or less ignored in several investigatory efforts (Senft, 1969;Erasmus, 1977); however, there have been a few reports on drug action relative to this system. For instance, Yarinsky et al (1970), Bogitsh (1975 and Clarkson and Erasmus (1984) have shown that either in vitro or in vivo administration of the drugs astiban, hycanthone, lucanthone and niridizole can precipitate morphological changes in the gastrodermis of schistosomes similar to changes resulting from starvation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure alterations of adult male Schistosoma mansoni harbored in albino mice treated with Sidr honey and/or Nigella sativa oil

Mostafa

Soliman

2010

Journal of King Saud University - Science

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In this investigation, the effects of Sidr honey, Nigella sativa oil (black-seed oil) and Sidr honey and black-seed oil together on the ultrastructure of tegument, gastrodermis and testes of adult male Schistosoma mansoni harbored in albino mice were studied. The tegument of adult male S. mansoni recovered from mice treated with various types of treatments revealed apparent damages which were severely clear in male worms harbored in mice treated with Sidr honey and black-seed oil together. On the other hand, the gastrodermis and testes of adult male S. mansoni obtained from mice treated with Sidr honey only or black-seed only revealed no apparent damage, while the gastrodermis and testes of worms recovered from mice treated with Sidr honey and black-seed oil together showed severe disorganization. Therefore, these treatments may represent a promising alternative treatment for the control of schistosomiasis mansoni, especially in endemic areas and where drug-resistant strains are found. These natural products may be recommended as useful, pleasant and popular accepted elements of food and drinks in such cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure alterations of adult male Schistosoma mansoni harbored in albino mice treated with Sidr honey and/or Nigella sativa oil

Mostafa

Soliman

2010

Journal of King Saud University - Science

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“…The schistosomal gastrodermis has been a little attention in several ultrastructural investigations although it has been recognized, because of its role in the physiology and development of organism (Senft 1969;Erasmus 1977). The gastrodermis in male of NCC group which appeared with narrow lumen may be due to obvious or high multiplication and folding of the plasma membrane of the gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission electron microscopic observations on ultrastructural alterations in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms recovered from C57BL/6 mice treated with radiation-attenuated vaccine and/or praziquantel in addition to passive immunization with normal and vaccinated rabbit sera against infection

et al. 2015

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Although the current treatment of schistosomiasis relies largely on praziquantel (PZQ), it has not been successful in significantly reducing the overall rate of disease cases, one of the suggested reasons being the inevitable resistance to PZQ. Previous studies showed that radiation-attenuated vaccine provides protection against Schistosoma mansoni in a host of various species. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of various vaccination strategies in C57BL/6 mice, including single or multiple vaccination strategy, subcurative dose (20 mg/kg) of PZQ, and a combination of single vaccination with subcurative dose of PZQ. Treatment either with subcurative dose of PZQ or with a single vaccination of attenuated cercariae (500 per mouse), caused significant reduction in total worm burden, hepatic, and intestinal ova counts of 43.03, 73.2, and 59.5 and 37.97, 52.02, and 26.3%, respectively. Furthermore, tegumental changes were observed. In multiple vaccinated group, there was an extensive lysis in tegumental layers. High deformations in gastrodermis, testis cells, vitelline cells, and oocytes were recorded. Also, this study is to explore the role of humoral immunity using highly resistant rabbits that had been exposed to three immunizations with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated cercariae (8000 per rabbit in each immunization), and their sera were tested for their ability to transfer protection. The reduction in challenge worm burden had reached 32.76-43.64% when compared with recipients of normal serum or no serum. The reduction in hepatic and intestinal ova counts reached to 74.4 and 71.08% in group immunized with vaccinated rabbit sera. Swelling and extensive lysis of tegumental layers, gastrodermis lumen, spermatocytes, and deformation of oocytes were recorded with more severity than that recorded in normal rabbit sera group. Our findings recorded that multiple vaccination strategy is the most effective strategy then passive transfer of vaccinated rabbit. This gives guiding in the design the appropriate therapeutic strategy.

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“…However, the ultrastructural effects of drugs on other schistosome tissues, particularly the gut, are less well documented, where previous studies have only examined the effects of one drug at a time. It is reported that the gut, like the vitelline gland, is metabolically very active, with a high turnover of organelles (SENFT, 1969) and may contribute antigenic material important in the evasion of the host immune response. This is also related to the suggestion by STANDEN (1953) that the action of schistosomicides may not be to kill the parasites outright, but to incapacitate them sufficiently to allow the host immune response to kill them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni: an in vivo study of drug-induced autophagy in the gastrodermis

Clarkson¹,

Erasmus²

1984

J. Helminthol.

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The effects of Astiban, Lucanthone, Hycanthone and Niridazole on autophagic activities in the gastrodermis of Schistosoma mansoni were determined in vivo, using different dosage levels and dosage times. With Astiban, high levels of autophagy were observed in the gastrodermis 2 hours after an injection of the drug into the mouse, and this response had declined by 20 hours, marking a recovery by the parasite from the drug. Hycanthone and Lucanthone produced an autophagic response several days after the onset of treatment, and no recovery was observed in the morphology of the gastrodermis after the drug was discontinued. The effects of Niridazole on the gastrodermis were to produce the most dramatic ultrastructural changes after high doses and over several days of treatment. With all the drugs examined, gastrodermal autophagy was characterized by the formation of vacuoles containing cell components, lipid droplets and sometimes hydrolytic enzyme reaction product. The autophagic vacuoles appeared to be formed by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material by the basal membrane infoldings, and the transfer of enzymes into the vacuole from within the limiting membrane. The residues from intracellular digestion appeared to be emptied into the caecal lumen.

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Considerations of Schistosome Physiology in the Search for Antibilharziasis Drugs*

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrastructure alterations of adult male Schistosoma mansoni harbored in albino mice treated with Sidr honey and/or Nigella sativa oil

Ultrastructure alterations of adult male Schistosoma mansoni harbored in albino mice treated with Sidr honey and/or Nigella sativa oil

Transmission electron microscopic observations on ultrastructural alterations in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms recovered from C57BL/6 mice treated with radiation-attenuated vaccine and/or praziquantel in addition to passive immunization with normal and vaccinated rabbit sera against infection

Schistosoma mansoni: an in vivo study of drug-induced autophagy in the gastrodermis

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