The sequestration of CO 2 within stable mineral carbonates (e.g., CaCO 3 ) represents an attractive emissionsreduction strategy because it offers an energy efficient, environmentally benign, and leakage-free alternative to geological storage. However, the pH levels of aqueous streams equilibrated with CO 2containing gas streams (pH ∼ 4) are lower than the pH required for carbonate precipitation (pH > 8). Thus, the use of regenerable ion exchange materials is proposed to induce alkalinity in CO 2containing aqueous streams to achieve the pH required for mineralization without the addition of expensive stoichiometric reagents such as caustic soda (e.g., NaOH). Herein, geochemical and process-modeling software was used to identify the optimum thermodynamic conditions and to quantify the energy intensity and CO 2 reduction potential of a process that sequesters CO 2 (dissolved in wastewater) as solid calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). CaCO 3 yields were maximized when the initial calcium to CO 2 ratio in the aqueous phase was 1:1. The energy intensity of the process (0.22−2.10 MW•h/t of CO 2 removed) was dependent on the concentration of CO 2 in the gas phase (i.e., 5−50 vol %) and the produced water composition, with the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis steps used to recover magnesium and sodium ions requiring the most energy (0.07−0.80 MW•h/t of CO 2 removed). Energy consumption was minimized under conditions where CaCO 3 yields were maximized for all produced water compositions and CO 2 concentrations. The ratio of net CO 2 to gross CO 2 removal for the process ranged from 0.05 to 0.90, indicating a net CO 2 reduction across all conditions studied. The results from these studies indicate that ion exchange processes can be used as alternatives to the addition of stoichiometric bases to provide alkalinity for the precipitation of CaCO 3 at the CO 2 concentrations studied, thereby opening a pathway toward sustainable and economic mineralization processes.