Considerations of energy consumption in desalination by reverse osmosis

Riedinger, A.B.; Hickman, C.

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)88694-4

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, energy costs associated with traditional reverse osmosis (e.g., desalination and brine treatment) are primarily affected by the feed conditions (e.g., osmotic pressures and temperatures). , Energy requirements associated with these traditional processes range from 3 to 10 kW·h/m 3 of water processed. , Energy requirements were quantified for the different produced water compositions and CO 2 partial pressures studied for the potential integration of this process for brine treatment (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ca removal results in lower ionic strengths and osmotic pressures of the streams following mineralization, leading to lower operating pressures for the nanofiltration or reverse osmosis treatment. The reduction in the feed ionic strength is critical for water treatment, as the reverse osmosis treatment of high-ionic-strength solutions is commonly energy intensive and can lead to increased salt permeability in membranes. ,, Furthermore, removing Ca prior to the reverse osmosis treatment can help mitigate the inorganic scaling of compounds (e.g., calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and calcium phosphate) onto reverse osmosis membranes, which decreases performance . The energy costs associated with this process are within traditional reverse osmosis energy requirements, showing its potential for the industrial treatment of various brine streams.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Simulations Reveal the Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of a Process That Mineralizes Industrial Waste Streams via an Ion Exchange-Based Regenerable pH Swing

Bustillos

Prentice

Plante

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The sequestration of CO 2 within stable mineral carbonates (e.g., CaCO 3 ) represents an attractive emissionsreduction strategy because it offers an energy efficient, environmentally benign, and leakage-free alternative to geological storage. However, the pH levels of aqueous streams equilibrated with CO 2containing gas streams (pH ∼ 4) are lower than the pH required for carbonate precipitation (pH > 8). Thus, the use of regenerable ion exchange materials is proposed to induce alkalinity in CO 2containing aqueous streams to achieve the pH required for mineralization without the addition of expensive stoichiometric reagents such as caustic soda (e.g., NaOH). Herein, geochemical and process-modeling software was used to identify the optimum thermodynamic conditions and to quantify the energy intensity and CO 2 reduction potential of a process that sequesters CO 2 (dissolved in wastewater) as solid calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). CaCO 3 yields were maximized when the initial calcium to CO 2 ratio in the aqueous phase was 1:1. The energy intensity of the process (0.22−2.10 MW•h/t of CO 2 removed) was dependent on the concentration of CO 2 in the gas phase (i.e., 5−50 vol %) and the produced water composition, with the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis steps used to recover magnesium and sodium ions requiring the most energy (0.07−0.80 MW•h/t of CO 2 removed). Energy consumption was minimized under conditions where CaCO 3 yields were maximized for all produced water compositions and CO 2 concentrations. The ratio of net CO 2 to gross CO 2 removal for the process ranged from 0.05 to 0.90, indicating a net CO 2 reduction across all conditions studied. The results from these studies indicate that ion exchange processes can be used as alternatives to the addition of stoichiometric bases to provide alkalinity for the precipitation of CaCO 3 at the CO 2 concentrations studied, thereby opening a pathway toward sustainable and economic mineralization processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulations Reveal the Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of a Process That Mineralizes Industrial Waste Streams via an Ion Exchange-Based Regenerable pH Swing

Bustillos

Prentice

Plante

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…to a significant reduction of SEC, especially in the case of high salinity feed [77]. Feed salinity, permeate quality, recovery rate and feed temperature are operating parameters that affect pressure requirements, and in turn energy consumption [85]. Despite improvements, a significant portion of RO costs remains in the electrical energy required to pressurize the feed [86].…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar powered desalination – Technology, energy and future outlook

2019

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Growing water demands have led to rapidly increasing desalination installation capacity worldwide. In an attempt to lower carbon footprint resulting from high-energy consuming desalination processes, attention has shifted to using renewable energy sources to power desalination. With solar irradiation ample in regions that heavily rely on desalination, solar powered desalination provides a sustainable solution to meeting water needs. The compatibility of each desalination process with the solar technology is driven by whether the kind of energy needed is thermal or electrical, as well as its availability. With rapid advances in solar energy technologiesboth photovoltaic and solar thermal, there has also been growing interest in coupling solar energy with desalination, with a focus on improving energy efficiency. In this review, the most recent developments in photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis (PV-RO), solar thermal powered reverse osmosis (ST-RO) are discussed with respect to membrane materials, process configuration, energy recovery devices and energy storage. In addition, advances in new materials for solar powered membrane distillation (MD) and solar stills in the past two years have also been reviewed. Future outlook considers the use of hybrid renewable energy systems as well as solar powered forward osmosis and dewvaporation. Solar powered desalination systems have been analysed with emphasis on technological and energy consumption aspects.

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“…When pressure is applied to the saltwater feed solution during the desalination process that is larger than just its osmotic pressure or the minimal pressure that prohibits the intake of pure water by osmosis, water is ejected through a semipermeable membrane [ 8 ]. RO is not advised for desalinating highly concentrated salt solutions because of the increasing osmotic pressure which also causes an accelerated flow of salt across the membrane [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%