Conserving Tropical Biodiversity amid Weak Institutions

Barrett, Chris; Brandon, Katrina; Gibson, Carl H.; Gjertsen, Heidi

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0497:ctbawi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 275 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Without the understanding of the social system provided by the social assessment, implementation is likely to be poorly targeted. Specific issues requiring research will vary with context; however, knowledge of the spatial patterns of population density, human needs (for example, subsistence, protection, and identity), income distribution, current and future trends in land use, land prices, infrastructure, the social capital of natural resource management organizations, nature-related values, preferences and ethics, and incentives for behavior change are likely to emerge as important topics in most cases (26,(33)(34)(35)(36). Wherever feasible, data need to be captured spatially and matched to the scale used in the biophysical assessment (37).…”

Section: Operational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such organizations must be representative of the sectors that are concerned with land-use decision-making and planning and should foster a spirit of colearning, cogovernance, and accountability (22,23,56), which is not always easy to achieve (19); key individuals and good leadership are of paramount importance for effective learning organizations (22,89). The learning organization should have the authority to restrict access to ecosystem service providers, the wherewithal to offer incentives for their safeguarding, the capacity to monitor ecological and social conditions, the exper-tise to evaluate the outcomes of interventions, and sufficient flexibility to respond rapidly to changed circumstances (35,57).…”

Section: Operational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An operational model for mainstreaming ecosystem services for implementation

Cowling

Egoh

Knight

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

548

387

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Research on ecosystem services has grown markedly in recent years. However, few studies are embedded in a social process designed to ensure effective management of ecosystem services. Most research has focused only on biophysical and valuation assessments of putative services. As a mission-oriented discipline, ecosystem service research should be user-inspired and useruseful, which will require that researchers respond to stakeholder needs from the outset and collaborate with them in strategy development and implementation. Here we provide a pragmatic operational model for achieving the safeguarding of ecosystem services. The model comprises three phases: assessment, planning, and management. Outcomes of social, biophysical, and valuation assessments are used to identify opportunities and constraints for implementation. The latter then are transformed into user-friendly products to identify, with stakeholders, strategic objectives for implementation (the planning phase). The management phase undertakes and coordinates actions that achieve the protection of ecosystem services and ensure the flow of these services to beneficiaries. This outcome is achieved via mainstreaming, or incorporating the safeguarding of ecosystem services into the policies and practices of sectors that deal with land-and water-use planning. Management needs to be adaptive and should be institutionalized in a suite of learning organizations that are representative of the sectors that are concerned with decision-making and planning. By following the phases of our operational model, projects for safeguarding ecosystem services are likely to empower stakeholders to implement effective on-the-ground management that will achieve resilience of the corresponding social-ecological systems.adaptive management ͉ land-use planning ͉ social-ecological systems ͉ stakeholder engagement

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Section: Operational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An operational model for mainstreaming ecosystem services for implementation

Cowling

Egoh

Knight

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

548

387

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, we explore the hypothesized relationships between corruption and biodiversity. Corruption and environmental outcomes are commonly both the result of sets of political and economic institutions at different levels that are weak or missing (Barrett et al 2001). Corruption operates on different levels, is of different types, and will have different effects given different kinds of resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Links between Governance and Biodiversity

et al. 2005

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Abstract:We argue that two problems weaken the claims of those who link corruption and the exploitation of natural resources. The first is conceptual. Studies that use national level indicators of corruption fail to note that corruption comes in many fofms, at multiple levels, that may affect resource use quite differently: negatively, positively or not at all. Without a clear causal model of the mechanism by which corruption affects resources, one should treat with caution any estimated relationship between corruption and the state of natural resources. The second problem is methodological. Simple, atheoretical models linking corruption measures and natural resource use typically 4o not account for other important control variables pivotal to the relationship between huijaans and natural resources. By way of illustration of these two general concerns, we demonstrate that the findings of a recent, well-known study that posits a link between corruption and decreases in forests and elephants are not robust to simple conceptuaf and methodological refinements.

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“…Others have emphasized communitybased conservation and yet others, the privatization of conservation areas. There has been much debate on the merits of these various solutions but little discussion of pluralistic approaches, such as the distribution of authority across multiple institutions (1) or considerations of ways to use institutional diversity in general (2). This omission is not due to a lack of theory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based conservation in a globalized world

Berkes

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

836

592

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Communities have an important role to play in biodiversity conservation. However, community-based conservation as a panacea, like government-based conservation as a panacea, ignores the necessity of managing commons at multiple levels, with vertical and horizontal interplay among institutions. The study of conservation in a multilevel world can serve to inform an interdisciplinary science of conservation, consistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity, to establish partnerships and link biological conservation objectives with local development objectives. Improving the integration of conservation and development requires rethinking conservation by using a complexity perspective and the ability to deal with multiple objectives, use of partnerships and deliberative processes, and learning from commons research to develop diagnostic tools. Perceived this way, community-based conservation has a role to play in a broad pluralistic approach to biodiversity protection: it is governance that starts from the ground up and involves networks and linkages across various levels of organization. The shift of attention to processes at multiple levels fundamentally alters the way in which the governance of conservation development may be conceived and developed, using diagnostics within a pluralistic framework rather than a blueprint approach.commons ͉ complexity ͉ governance ͉ institutions ͉ sustainability

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Conserving Tropical Biodiversity amid Weak Institutions

Cited by 275 publications

References 27 publications

An operational model for mainstreaming ecosystem services for implementation

An operational model for mainstreaming ecosystem services for implementation

The Complex Links between Governance and Biodiversity

Community-based conservation in a globalized world

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