Conserving large populations of lions – the argument for fences has holes

Creel, Scott; Becker, Matthew S.; Durant, Sarah M.; M’soka, Jassiel; Matandiko, Wigganson; Dickman, Amy; Christianson, David; Dröge, Egil; Mweetwa, Thandiwe; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Rosenblatt, Elias; Schuette, Paul; Woodroffe, Rosie; Bashir, Sultana; Beudels-Jamar, Roseline; Blake, Stephen; Borner, Markus; Breitenmoser, Christine; Broekhuis, Femke; Cozzi, Gabriele; Davenport, Tim R.B.; Deutsch, James C.; Dollar, Luke; Dolrenry, Stephanie; Douglas‐Hamilton, Iain; Fitzherbert, Emily; Foley, Charles; Hazzah, Leela; Henschel, Philipp; Hilborn, Ray; Hopcraft, J. Grant C.; Ikanda, Dennis; Jacobson, Andrew P.; Joubert, Bernard; Joubert, Dereck; Kelly, Marcella J.; Lichtenfeld, Laly L.; Mace, Georgina M.; Milanzi, James; Mitchell, Nicholas; Msuha, Maurus; Muir, R. C.; Nyahongo, Julius W.; Pimm, Stuart L.; Purchase, Gianetta; Schenck, Christof; Sillero‐Zubiri, Claudio; Sinclair, A. R. E.; Songorwa, Alexander N.; Stanley‐Price, Mark; Tehou, Comlan Aristide; Trout, Charles; Wall, Jake; Wittemyer, George; Zimmermann, Alexandra

doi:10.1111/ele.12145

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Considered a classic ''market failure'' (Nelson, 2009;Nelson et al, 2010), global high value species such as the tiger Panthera tigris impose diverse and pervasive costs on local communities in poor countries and regions that include loss of human life and livestock and associated opportunity costs (Barua et al, 2013;Dickman et al, 2011;Inskip and Zimmermann, 2009;Macdonald et al, 2010). With a rapidly increasing human population and intense competition for resources, conservationists and policy makers are divided about the best approach to conserve these species (Creel et al, 2013;Dickman et al, 2011;Packer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond compensation: Integrating local communities’ livelihood choices in large carnivore conservation

Harihar

Veríssimo

MacMillan

2015

Global Environmental Change

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond compensation: Integrating local communities’ livelihood choices in large carnivore conservation

Harihar

Veríssimo

MacMillan

2015

Global Environmental Change

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“…Moreover, not weighting for population size strongly biases regional population projections. By treating all populations, small and large, equally, Finally, claims of the efficacy of fencing for lion conservation are misplaced (10). For example, contrary to statements ( figure 4 in ref. 3), Kgalagadi is partially fenced, whereas the eastern side of Kruger National Park has not been fenced since 2002.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, contrary to statements ( figure 4 in ref. 3), Kgalagadi is partially fenced, whereas the eastern side of Kruger National Park has not been fenced since 2002. Moreover, small fenced reserves make questionable contributions to lion conservation (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lion populations may be declining in Africa but not as Bauer et al. suggest

Riggio

Caro

Dollar

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Debate regarding the conservation value of small, fenced, privately owned, and intensively managed areas for large predator conservation continues (Creel et al 2013, Packer et al 2013. For conservation authorities to develop effective solutions that facilitate sustainable predator management on private land, they must consider the strong and not necessarily beneficial multiscale socioeconomic factors, such as international tourist preferences and regional policy recommendations, which influence private land management.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predators on private land: broad-scale socioeconomic interactions influence large predator management

Clements¹,

Cumming²,

Kerley³

2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. The proliferation of private land conservation areas (PLCAs) is placing increasing pressure on conservation authorities to effectively regulate their ecological management. Many PLCAs depend on tourism for income, and charismatic large mammal species are considered important for attracting international visitors. Broad-scale socioeconomic factors therefore have the potential to drive fine-scale ecological management, creating a systemic scale mismatch that can reduce long-term sustainability in cases where economic and conservation objectives are not perfectly aligned. We assessed the socioeconomic drivers and outcomes of large predator management on 71 PLCAs in South Africa. Owners of PLCAs that are stocking free-roaming large predators identified revenue generation as influencing most or all of their management decisions, and rated profit generation as a more important objective than did the owners of PLCAs that did not stock large predators. Ecotourism revenue increased with increasing lion (Panthera leo) density, which created a potential economic incentive for stocking lion at high densities. Despite this potential mismatch between economic and ecological objectives, lion densities were sustainable relative to available prey. Regional-scale policy guidelines for free-roaming lion management were ecologically sound. By contrast, policy guidelines underestimated the area required to sustain cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), which occurred at unsustainable densities relative to available prey. Evidence of predator overstocking included predator diet supplementation and frequent reintroduction of game. We conclude that effective facilitation of conservation on private land requires consideration of the strong and not necessarily beneficial multiscale socioeconomic factors that influence private land management.

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Conserving large populations of lions – the argument for fences has holes

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Beyond compensation: Integrating local communities’ livelihood choices in large carnivore conservation

Beyond compensation: Integrating local communities’ livelihood choices in large carnivore conservation

Lion populations may be declining in Africa but not as Bauer et al. suggest

Predators on private land: broad-scale socioeconomic interactions influence large predator management

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