Conservation of the African Great Lakes: A Limnological Perspective

Bootsma, Harvey A.; Hecky, Robert E.

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030644.x

Cited by 166 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Unfortunately, Lake Kyoga is very vulnerable to the impacts of pollution [11] [12] [13]. The high nutrient enrichment has transformed the lake from mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Quality of Lake Kyoga at Selected Landing Sites and Anthropogenic Activities

Ongom¹,

Andama²,

Lukubye³

2017

JWARP

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Lake Kyoga, one of the great African lakes in Uganda is facing an increasing pressure from human activities yet there is limited information on water quality of the lake. Therefore this study determined selected physico-chemical parameters of Lake Kyoga at some landing sites (Kayei, Acholi inn, Waitumba, Masindi port) and anthropogenic activities (boat dock, waste site, garden, fishing). The parameters included temperature, pH, water flow rate, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite ( 2 NO − ) and phosphate (PO 4 -P). The American Public Health Association (APHA) and Water Watch Australia protocols, standard meters, Merck's rapid test kits and timing of a float were used to measure the parameters. The results showed that the mean temperature, pH, DO, 2 NO − and PO 4 -P significantly (p < 0.05) varied across the anthropogenic activities. On the other hand, only temperature, pH and flow rate varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the landing sites. Lake Kyoga water flow rates were the fastest at Masindi port (0.031 m/s) and the least in Waitumba (0.021 m/s) governed by river inflow and surface vegetation cover. The mean pH (6.73 -7.15) and DO (10.15 -13.50 mg/l) of the lake at all the study sites were within the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard values of 5.5 -8.5 and ≥9.0 mg/l respectively. These mean pH and DO values reflect more or less neutral waters which are equally well saturated with oxygen at all the landing sites. However, areas close to the waste sites had the least oxygen levels (10.15 mg/l) followed by gardens (11.82 mg/l) while fishing areas were the most saturated with oxygen (13.50 mg/l). On the other hand, temperature (25.06˚C -25.76˚C) est in the waste sites (0.35 mg/l), followed by gardens (0.24 mg/l) and least in the fishing areas (0.12 mg/l). However, phosphates in the form of P 2 O 5 were higher than the EPA standard value (0.5 mg/l) at Kayei (0.55 mg/l) and Acholi inn (0.55 mg/l) landing sites as well as at waste sites (0.80 mg/l) and gardens (0.55 mg/l) pointing to high nutrient (phosphorus) input at these sites. The high concentrations of nitrites in Lake Kyoga at the investigated anthropogenic activities and landing sites plus phosphate amounts close to waste sites and gardens including Kayei and Acholi inn landing sites call for vigilance in protection of Lake Kyoga through optimized planning. Hence, National Environment Management Authority should ensure proper sewage management in Lake Kyoga catchment to avoid discharge of untreated sewage into the lake. The authority should also regulate waste dumping and cultivation around the lake so as to reduce nutrient (phosphorus) enrichment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Quality of Lake Kyoga at Selected Landing Sites and Anthropogenic Activities

Ongom¹,

Andama²,

Lukubye³

2017

JWARP

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“…The lake residence time, 290 years (Table 1) is about 1.5 times lower than residence times published previously (Meybeck, 1985;Bootsma and Hecky, 1993). The very long flushing time and the long emptying time stress the importance of precipitation and evaporation in the budget.…”

Section: Hydrological Budgetmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The surface water productivity (from Bootsma et al, 2003) controls the epilimnetic dissolution and the flux to the sediments. Internal Si fluxes (epi-metalimnion and hypo-metalimnion) are computed from Vollmer et al (2002) hydric fluxes (value without CFC-12 anoxic degradation) and Bootsma and Hecky (1993) and Branchu (2001) concentrations. Dissolved Si concentration in precipitation is from Bootsma et al (2003).…”

Section: (D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride concentrations in Lake Tanganyika: an indicator of the hydrological budget?

Branchu¹,

Bouchet

2004

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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On a historical time scale, this paper investigates the effect of hydroclimatic variations on the surface water salinity of Lake Tanganyika, the largest African lake and an open freshwater reservoir. Through annual water and chemical budgets, based on original and bibliographic data, a tracer of the water regime is proposed. Chloride, an inert and conservative element, seems to be the best candidate although its contribution to salinity is small; its use as a tracer of the water regime is validated on seasonal and historical time scales. Seasonally, a monthly water and chloride budget, constructed for an average year has been compared with data acquired in 1973. On a historical time scale, bibliographic data of surface chloride concentrations, compiled since 1939 have been compared with the level variation curve. The relation between lake level and surface water chloride concentration is significant on both time scales. Hence, the surface salinity/chlorinity of this freshwater lake is sensitive to hydroclimatic variations even if level variations are very limited in comparison with its great depth. This sensitivity is due mainly to the permanent thermo-haline stratification of the lake.

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“…These points appear as red dots on the satellite imagery. The northern two-thirds of the Lake Malawi drainage basin are a mixture of evergreen (Braschystegia) woodlands and agriculture [2]. The southern third is woodland in Mozambique but almost completely cultivated in Malawi.…”

Section: Lake Malawi Drainage Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULC) in the Lake Malawi Drainage Basin, 1982-2005

Chavula

Brezonik

Bauer

2011

IJG

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Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in the drainage basin of Lake Malawi over the period 1982 -2005 were estimated from satellite imagery, and possible relationships were evaluated among the four major land-cover classes: cropland, forest, water, and savanna/shrub/woodland. AVHRR and MODIS sensors gave different values of areal extent of the four classes, limiting the feasibility of establishing consistent temporal trends over the entire period of the study, but forest land showed the least change among three land cover types, and extent of water bodies remained virtually unaltered over the period. AVHRR results show that cropland was mainly derived from savanna/shrub/woodland, which declined by almost 90% over the period 1982-1995.

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Conservation of the African Great Lakes: A Limnological Perspective

Cited by 166 publications

References 71 publications

Physico-Chemical Quality of Lake Kyoga at Selected Landing Sites and Anthropogenic Activities

Physico-Chemical Quality of Lake Kyoga at Selected Landing Sites and Anthropogenic Activities

Chloride concentrations in Lake Tanganyika: an indicator of the hydrological budget?

Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULC) in the Lake Malawi Drainage Basin, 1982-2005

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