Consequences of the Improper Disposal of Greywater

Noman, Efaq Ali; Al‐Gheethi, Adel; Talip, Balkis A.; Nagao, Hideyuki; Kassim, Amir Hashim Mohd; Bakar, Siti Asmah

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90269-2_2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Some negative effects occur for a short time while others have long-term effects. Nonetheless, the hazard risk for greywater discharge is more associated with the chemical contamination of water bodies which receive released greywater from various sources due to the potential to persist for a long period in the environment (Noman et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of activated carbon from palm kernel shell for treatment of greywater

Razi

Al-Gheethi

Al-Qaini

et al. 2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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The potential of activated carbon from palm kernel shell (PKS-AC) to improve the quality of surface water and greywater based on the measurements of the parameters pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved oxygen (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) was investigated in the present study. The PKS was acid treated with aqueous H 3 PO 4 (1 N) for overnight at room temperature and then subjected to heat treatment at 550 C for 2 h. The efficiency of the PSK-AC samples of 30 and 40 mm thicknesses was examined for reduction of the above parameters in surface water and greywater samples for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min of the filtration process. The efficiency of COD reduction by 50 and 56.44%, that of TDS by 57.81% and 22%, and that of TSS by 83.11 and 42.11% were detected using the PSK-AC samples above, respectively. The OH group contributed most to the removal of pollutants among the OH, N-H, C¼O, C¼C, C-O-C, C-O-H main functional groups pointed out via Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis on the surface. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the surface of the raw PSK-AC appeared smooth with holes on the external surface, while the grains were filled in the PSK-AC after the adsorption process. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of activated carbon from palm kernel shell for treatment of greywater

Razi

Al-Gheethi

Al-Qaini

et al. 2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…Greywater may transmit pathogens and cause a wide range of infections. Pathogenic bacteria in greywater represent real hazards for humans due to virulence factors as well as the ability to resist a range of antibiotics (Noman et al, 2019). Not only do the high content of organic matter and nutrients present in greywater sustain pathogens, but this excess of nutrients in the water will also lead to eutrophication and algal blooms.…”

Section: Eco Enzyme-enhanced Constructed Wetlands For Greywater Treat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco Enzyme-Enhanced Constructed Wetlands for Greywater Treatment: Fixing Indonesia’s Onsite Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

Ciputra

2023

Preprint

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In many developing countries such as Indonesia, many cities lack centralized wastewater treatment plants to treat greywater. As a result, greywater is often directly discharged into water bodies without treatment, disrupting aquatic ecosystems by eutrophication and jeopardizing the health of rural communities that depend on these resources for clean water. Some greywater treatment systems exist but most of these projects require support from third parties and have high initial costs. One cost-effective and sustainable solution is to use constructed wetlands, which are artificial wetland systems engineered to treat sewage through natural processes. Constructed wetland mechanisms may be improved by the use of ornamental flowering plants and eco enzymes to increase efficiency and rate of contaminant removal. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different ornamental flowering plant species and the use of eco enzymes on the removal rate of parameters such as COD, TSS, TDS, Ammonia, and pH. This paper presents the results and analysis of a 2- week study that determines the type of constructed wetland that resulted in the treated water with parameters that fulfil Indonesia’s domestic wastewater standard requirements. This type of constructed wetland is recommended to be implemented at the household, community or central (city) level to mitigate improper greywater disposal in developing countries.

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Greywater treatment using modified solar photocatalyst- degradation, kinetics, pathway and toxicity analysis

Kumari

Remya

Behera

2020

Separation and Purification Technology

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Consequences of the Improper Disposal of Greywater

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Efficiency of activated carbon from palm kernel shell for treatment of greywater

Efficiency of activated carbon from palm kernel shell for treatment of greywater

Eco Enzyme-Enhanced Constructed Wetlands for Greywater Treatment: Fixing Indonesia’s Onsite Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

Greywater treatment using modified solar photocatalyst- degradation, kinetics, pathway and toxicity analysis

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