Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Heat Stress for Sustainability of Soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) Production under the Changing Climate

Abstract

Increasing ambient temperature is a major climatic factor that negatively affects plant growth and development, and causes significant losses in soybean crop yield worldwide. Thus, high temperatures (HT) result in less seed germination, which leads to pathogenic infection, and decreases the economic yield of soybean. In addition, the efficiency of photosynthesis and transpiration of plants are affected by high temperatures, which have negative impact on the physio-biochemical process in the plant system, finally deteriorate the yield and quality of the affected crop. However, plants have several mechanisms of specific cellular detection of HT stress that help in the transduction of signals, producing the activation of transcription factors and genes to counteract the harmful effects caused by the stressful condition. Among the contributors to help the plant in re-establishing cellular homeostasis are the applications of organic stimulants (antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and hormones), which enhance the productivity and quality of soybean against HT stress. In this chapter, we summarized the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of soybean plants at various growth stages under HT. Furthermore, it also depicts the mitigation strategies to overcome the adverse effects of HT on soybean using exogenous applications of bioregulators. These studies intend to increase the understanding of exogenous biochemical compounds that could reduce the adverse effects of HT on the growth, yield, and quality of soybean.

Land use/land cover changes and their impact on land surface temperature using remote sensing technique in district Khanewal, Punjab Pakistan

“…Impact of climate change directly and indirectly on agriculture worldwide (Akram et al, 2018;Hashim et al, 2020;Kawo et al, 2021;Nasim et al, 2018;Sabagh et al, 2020). Climatic and environmental changes negatively influenced the health of the crops with the passage of time in the following ways: variations in the rainfall (Kimuku & Ngigi, 2017), extreme heat stress, change in the land surface temperature (LST), and migration of the peoples from rural to urban areas (Hussain et al, 2020a;Mukherjee & Singh, 2020).…”

Using space–time scan statistic for studying the effects of COVID-19 in Punjab, Pakistan: a guideline for policy measures in regional agriculture

“…Agriculture is a very essential sector, providing food to the rapidly increasing population in Punjab, the major agricultural province of Pakistan (Ahmad et al 2020;Sabagh et al 2020;Islam et al 2021). Agriculture can play a significant role in economic growth in the Punjab (Hussain et al 2020a;Mubeen et al 2021;Ahmed et al 2022;Naz et al 2022).…”

Improvement of heat stress tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L), by using conventional and molecular tools

“…These studies showed that soybean plants adopt various pathways and mechanisms to cope with high-temperature circumstances. However, some recognized genes and pathways could be employed to improve heat tolerance in soybeans using molecular breeding approaches ( Sabagh et al, 2020 ). Future studies on the molecular mechanism of heat stress tolerance in soybean would identify the different genes and pathways controlling heat tolerance in soybean.…”

“…Auxin was applied to soybean seeds which increased the germination percentage by increasing the biosynthesis of ABA ( Shuai et al, 2017 ). However, hormonal content alterations and signaling in soybean seed germination under heat episodes remain unclear and need further studies ( Sabagh et al, 2020 ). Ethylene (ET) is a main gaseous hormone that affects seed germination, growth and development, and fruit production under heat stress ( Meena et al, 2020b ).…”