Consciousness in Schizophrenia: A Metacognitive Approach to Semantic Memory

Bacon, Élisabeth; Danion, Jean-Marie; Kauffmann-Muller, F.; Bruant, Agnès

doi:10.1006/ccog.2001.0519

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Although only few studies have investigated metacognition in schizophrenia, they consistently report impairments in patients with schizophrenia. For example, patients are less efficient in judging the correctness of their answers in general knowledge tasks [9] . Further, patients were impaired in a study of metamemory in which the accuracy of the confidence level (CL) concerning the correctness of answers provided during a recogni-tion phase of a memory task was examined [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognition and Reflexivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

et al. 2007

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Background: Many patients with schizophrenia demonstrate a lack of insight into their disorder and often do not complain about their cognitive impairments. This might be due to generally reduced metacognitive abilities. Sampling and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with a DSM IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and 19 healthy control subjects performed 2 separate tasks tapping into metacognitive functions. In the first experiment the participants encoded words. In the following recognition part they judged their level of subjective confidence in the correctness of their answer. In the second experiment reaction time was measured, whilst judgments were made about personality trait adjectives describing the subjects themselves or other familiar people. Results: Although the recognition rate in the first experiment was equal between the groups, the patients showed a significantly reduced ability to correctly judge their memory performance. There was no correlation between metamemory and psychopathology nor insight measures. The patients further needed significantly more time to characterize themselves compared to the healthy participants. The response rates for self-characterization correlated with the ability to recognize symptoms as part of a disorder but did not correlate with psychopathology. Conclusions: Metacognitive faculties seem to be, at least in part, a separable cognitive entity. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate impaired metacognitive capacities, independent of current symptoms or memory performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognition and Reflexivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

et al. 2007

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“…In the meantime, the prospective metamemory judgments of patients with schizophrenia are lower than those of healthy participants (Bacon et al, 2001;Bacon et al, 2007;Souchay et al, 2006;Thuaire et al, 2012. However, most of the time they are still able to discriminate between what they know and what they do not know, and their gamma correlations are usually higher than zero (Bacon and Izaute, 2009;Bacon et al, 2001;Bacon et al, 2007;Moritz and Woodward, 2006;Souchay et al, 2006;Thuaire et al, 2012). In addition, the mechanisms underlying the prospective FOK judgments for short-term memory and semantic memory seem to be grounded, as in healthy subjects (Koriat 1993;Koriat 1995), in the accessibility of partial information, products of memory recovery (Bacon and Izaute, 2008;Bacon and Izaute, 2009).…”

Section: Metamemory Monitoring In Patients With Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Metamemory Monitoring In Patients With Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory-Related Metacognition in Patients with Schizophrenia

Bacon¹,

Izaute

2014

Social Cognition and Metacognition in Schizophrenia

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“…So far, several studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in metacognition, i.e. the judgment of one’s own performance in a test [58,59]. However, the relationship between metacognition and ego disturbances has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Social Cognition on Ego Disturbances in Patients with Schizophrenia

Schimansky¹,

Rössler²,

Haker³

2012

Psychopathology

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Background: Subjects experiencing ego disturbances can be classified as a distinct subgroup of schizophrenia patients. These symptoms imply a disturbance in the ego-world boundary, which in turn implies aberrations in the perception, processing and understanding of social information. This paper provides a comparison of a group of schizophrenia patients and a group of healthy controls on a range of social-cognitive tasks. Furthermore, it analyzes the relationship between ego disturbances and social-cognitive as well as clinical variables in the schizophrenia subsample. Methods: Two groups – 40 schizophrenia patients and 39 healthy subjects – were compared. In the source monitoring task, subjects performed simple computer mouse movements and evaluated the partially manipulated visual feedback as either self- or other-generated. In a second step, participants indicated the confidence of their decision on a 4-point rating scale. In an emotion-recognition task, subjects had to identify 6 basic emotions in the prosody of spoken sentences. In the ‘reading-the-mind-in-the-eyes’ test, subjects had to infer mental states from pictures that depicted others’ eyes. In an attribution task, subjects were presented with descriptions of social events and asked to attribute the cause of the event either to a person, an object or a situation. Additionally, all subjects were tested for cognitive functioning levels. Results: The schizophrenia patient group performed significantly worse on all social-cognitive tasks than the healthy control group. Correlation analysis showed that ego disturbances were related to deficits in person attribution and lower levels of confidence in the source monitoring task. Also, ego disturbances were related to higher PANSS positive scores and a higher number of hospitalizations. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that social-cognitive variables explained 48.0% of the variance in the ego-disturbance score and represented the best predictors for ego disturbances. One particular clinical variable, namely the number of hospitalizations, additionally explained 13.8% of the variance. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ego disturbances are related to deficits in the social-cognitive domain, and, to a lesser extent, to clinical variables such as the number of hospitalizations.

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Consciousness in Schizophrenia: A Metacognitive Approach to Semantic Memory

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Metacognition and Reflexivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Metacognition and Reflexivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Memory-Related Metacognition in Patients with Schizophrenia

The Influence of Social Cognition on Ego Disturbances in Patients with Schizophrenia

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