Connective Tissue Accumulation in the Muscle Layer in Normal and Varicose Saphenous Veins

Pôrto, Luís Cristóvão; Silveira, Paulo Roberto Mattos da; Carvalho, Jorge José de; Panico, MB

doi:10.1177/000331979504600308

Cited by 40 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Serial sections were consecutively stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Weigert’s staining for elastin, or stained histochemically for factor VIII. Tissue sections were screened for intimal hyperplasia, fibrosis or phlebosclerosis and classified according to the definitions and classifications of previous authors [23,24,25,26]. Finally, the depth of the VV penetration into the HGSV wall was measured in tissue sections using the computer system Leica IM 1000 module.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architectonic Arrangement of the Vasa Vasorum of the Human Great Saphenous Vein

Kachlík¹,

Báča²,

Stingl³

et al. 2007

J Vasc Res

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Objective: The detailed spatial arrangement of the vasa vasorum (VV) of the human great saphenous vein (HGSV) was demonstrated in qualitative and quantitative terms. Materials and Methods: Segments of the HGSV taken from cadavers 12–24 h post mortem and from patients undergoing aortocoronary bypassing were studied by light microscopy of India-ink-injected specimens and by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Results: Arterial feeders were found to approach the HGSV from nearby arteries every 15 mm forming a rich capillary network within the adventitia and the outer two thirds of the media in normal HGSV, while in HGSV with intimal hyperplasia capillary meshes extended into the inner layers of the media. Within the media, capillary meshes ran circularly. Postcapillary venules drained centrifugally towards the adventitial venous vessels which finally formed venous drainers running adjacent to the arterial feeders. Three-dimensional morphometry of vascular corrosion casts of VV revealed that diameters of (i) arterial VV ranged from 11.6 to 36.6 µm, (ii) capillary VV from 4.7 to 11.6 µm and (iii) venous VV ranged from 11.6 to 200.3 µm. Conclusions: The 3D network of VV suggests these layers are metabolically highly active and therefore require a continuous blood supply. We conclude, therefore, that the VV network must be preserved during in situ bypassing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architectonic Arrangement of the Vasa Vasorum of the Human Great Saphenous Vein

Kachlík¹,

Báča²,

Stingl³

et al. 2007

J Vasc Res

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“…n ВВЕДЕНИЕ Изучению особенностей морфологического строе ния вен нижних конечностей в последние годы были посвящены фундаментальные работы отечественных и зарубежных авторов [1][2][3]. В результате проведен ных гистологических исследований было установле но, что при общих морфологических закономерностях строения венозной системы вены нижних конечно стей отличаются полиморфизмом [4][5][6]. Эти различия в первую очередь касались определения толщины венозной стенки или ее отдельных оболочек [7][8][9][10].…”

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Comparative morphological and morphometric analysis of the structure of the wall of the calf venous collectors

Sannikov,

Morozova,

Shaydakov

2024

Ambulatornaya khirurgiya

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Introduction. Development of venous pathology of the lower extremities is based on morphological changes in the vascular wall. Further structural restructuring of the vein wall in chronic venous insufficiency will depend on the initially present differences in the structure of their walls.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of morphological and morphometric features of the structure of the walls of the main venous collectors of the lower leg: the great saphenous vein, intramuscular veins, posterior tibia veins and poplitea vein.Materials and methods. Histological studies were carried out on autopsy material of the veins of 32 people who died from various causes aged 35 to 50 years and 10 amputated limbs. Morphological studies of the venous wall were carried out by light microscopy with digital photo processing.Results. A quantitative comparative analysis of morphological changes with the determination of the volume fraction of smooth muscle and connective tissue elements of various membranes of the venous wall, as well as measurement of the total thickness of the vascular wall and its ratio to the lumen of the veins showed statistically significant differences at a significance level of p < 0.05.Discussion. Despite the similarity of the general morphological picture of the structure of various venous collectors of the lower leg, structural differences were established, which concerned the volume fraction of the presence of both smooth muscle and connective tissue elements.Conclusion. The comparative qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis of morphological and morphometric features of the structure of the walls of the main venous collectors of the lower leg allows us to make an assumption about the unequal role of individual main venous collectors in the work of the muscular-venous pump of the lower leg as a whole.

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Increased TIMP/MMP ratio in varicose veins: a possible explanation for extracellular matrix accumulation

Verbeuren²,

et al. 2000

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Primary varicose veins are functionally characterized by venous back-flow and blood stagnation in the upright position. Dilatation and tortuosity provide evidence for progressive venous wall remodelling, with disturbance of smooth muscle cell/extracellular matrix organization. Affected areas are not uniformly distributed, some areas being hypertrophic, whereas others are atrophic or unaffected. In 12 varicose veins and ten control veins, the proteolytic enzyme/inhibitor balance which may participate in the remodelling of the venous wall was investigated. For this purpose, the presence and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-1, TIMP-2), urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) plasminogen activators (PAs), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were quantified by western blot and gelatin or plasminogen-casein zymography. In addition, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1 levels were measured by ELISA. A high TIMP-1 level and a low MMP-2 level/activity were found in varicose veins (p<0.005), resulting in a three-fold increase in the TIMP-1/MMP-2 ratio in varicose versus control veins. Levels of PAs (uPA and tPA) as well as PAI-1 were both lower in varicose veins (p<0.005), with minimal change in the PAI/PA ratio. These results demonstrate that varicose veins are characterized by a higher than normal TIMP/MMP ratio, which may facilitate extracellular matrix accumulation in the diseased venous wall.

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Connective Tissue Accumulation in the Muscle Layer in Normal and Varicose Saphenous Veins

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Architectonic Arrangement of the Vasa Vasorum of the Human Great Saphenous Vein

Architectonic Arrangement of the Vasa Vasorum of the Human Great Saphenous Vein

Comparative morphological and morphometric analysis of the structure of the wall of the calf venous collectors

Increased TIMP/MMP ratio in varicose veins: a possible explanation for extracellular matrix accumulation

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