Connaraceae: An updated overview of research and the pharmacological potential of 39 species

Paim, Luís Fernando Nunes Alves; Toledo, Carolina; Paz, Joicelene Regina Lima da; Picolotto, Aline; Ballardin, Guilherme; Souza, Vinícius Castro; Salvador, Mirian; Moura, Sidnei

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112980

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…"A review found that many Connaraceae species with associated pharmacological potential have traditional medicinal use in tropical areas worldwide. The traditional uses reported in the different ethnobotanical studies include a wide range of therapeutic functions, which can guide research for actions that have not been confirmed yet by the scientific community" [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Very little work has been done in vitro, however several studies have been done on the in vivo antiplasmodial activity. In fact, the other study indicates that the aqueous leaf and bark extracts of T. orientalis have good antiplasmodial activity, with varying degree and/or differential effect on the measured parameters" [35][36][37]. "According to these results, the acetone leaf extract of T. orientalis has antiplasmodial activities and dosage of 800 mg/kg/day is the most effective dose" [38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro Antiplasmodial and Haemolytic Activities of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei Used to Treat Malaria in Côte d’Ivoire

Karim

Beourou²,

Silué³

et al. 2022

AJRB

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Malaria constitutes one of the biggest health problems in tropical Africa due to the resistance of human malaria parasites to anti-malarial compounds. Research focused on plants used in traditional medicine to treat malaria is still a viable alternative for the creation of novel anti-malarial drugs. This study evaluated extracts from three medicinal plants, Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei, used in traditional medicine in Côte d’Ivoire, for in vitro antiplasmodial activities. SYBR GREEN fluorescence method was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the extracts, chloroquine, artesunate and quinine against Plasmodium falciparum field isolates and two laboratory strains of Plasmodium falciparum: the chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and the chloroquine resistant Dd2. In comparison to plant extracts, chloroquine, quinine, and artesunate were chosen as reference antimalarials. In addition, the haemolytic activity of extracts showing good antiplasmodial activity was evaluated. The IC50 and the corresponding correlation coefficients were determined graphically, using In vitro Analysis and Reporting Tool (IVART) software of WWARN (Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network). Results showed that no plant was active with the hexanolic extract. Trema orientalis had moderate activity with the methanolic extract with activities ranging from 14.46µg/mL to 28.32µg/mL. Cnestis ferruginea was active with the decoction extracts with activities ranging from 11.78µg/mL to 13.94µg/mL. Dialium dinklagei was active with both methanolic and aqueous extracts ranging from 12.80µg/mL to 21.67µg/mL. There was less than 1% hemolysis at the concentration of 200 µg/mL of plant extracts. These results validate the reported traditional use of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei for malaria treatment in Côte d’Ivoire.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Antiplasmodial and Haemolytic Activities of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei Used to Treat Malaria in Côte d’Ivoire

Karim

Beourou²,

Silué³

et al. 2022

AJRB

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“…Economically, several species of the genus have been used in traditional medicine, and their pharmacological potential has been scientifically demonstrated (Paim & al., 2020). Some of the metabolites of medicinal interest include substances to treat bleedings, reported for Connarus angustifolius (Radlk.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomic revision of Neotropical Connarus (Connaraceae)

Toledo,

Lucas,

Forero

et al. 2024

TAXON

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The pantropical genus Connarus is the largest within Connaraceae and comprises ca. 80 species, most of which occur in the Neotropics. The genus is potentially economically important as several taxa produce metabolites of medicinal interest. Morphologically, Connarus differs from other members of the family mainly by the punctate perianth, the single carpel and follicular and relatively broader fruits than in the other genera. In the decades after the publication of the Flora Neotropica monograph of Connaraceae, new botanical collections have become available, especially in American herbaria, allowing identification of overlooked characters and, hence, redefinition of species circumscriptions. In addition, a significant number of typifications were outdated and taxonomic novelties have recently been proposed – all elements that justify a revisional work. After intensive examination of herbarium specimens and field expeditions, the present study recognizes 57 species, 2 varieties and 2 subspecies of Connarus in the Neotropics; about 100 specific names were evaluated, 39 of which are here considered heterotypic synonyms, 11 of them are new synonyms. The distribution of Neotropical Connarus ranges from south Mexico to south Brazil and, although most species occur in dense wet forests, especially in the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest, some are dispersed in savannas from Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, in Brazilian coastal vegetations or in montane formations; wide distributions are commonly seen in wet forests from Central America to northern South America, while restricted occurrences or endemism are mainly observed in the Atlantic Forest, Peru and Venezuela. Complete morphological descriptions of the species of Neotropical Connarus are provided here, as well as illustrative images, identification keys, and detailed discussions of their taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution and habitat.

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“…Connarus semidecandrus Jack, a species of the Connaraceae family, is a flowering plant spread widely throughout the tropics, including Cambodia, Laos, and Malaysia. The therapeutic potential of species from the Connaraceae family has been previously reported [21]. C. semidecandrus has been used as a traditional medicine for fever relief [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connarus semidecandrus Jack Exerts Anti-Alopecia Effects by Targeting 5α-Reductase Activity and an Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

et al. 2022

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There is a growing demand for hair loss treatments with minimal side effects and recurrence potential. Connarus semidecandrus Jack has been used as a folk medicine for fever in tropical regions, but its anti-alopecia effects remain unclear. In this study, the anti-androgenic alopecia effect of an ethanol extract of Connarus semidecandrus Jack (Cs-EE) was demonstrated in a testosterone-induced androgenic alopecia (AGA) model, in terms of the hair–skin ratio, hair type frequency, and hair thickness. The area of restored hair growth and thickened hair population after Cs-EE treatment showed the hair-growth-promoting effect of Cs-EE. Histological data support the possibility that Cs-EE could reduce hair loss and upregulate hair proliferation in mouse skin by shifting hair follicles from the catagen phase to the anagen phase. Western blotting indicated that Cs-EE reduced the expression of the androgenic receptor. Cs-EE treatment also inhibited programmed cell death by upregulating Bcl-2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. The anti-alopecia effect of Cs-EE was confirmed by in vitro experiments showing that Cs-EE had suppressive effects on 5-α reductase activity and lymph node carcinoma of the prostate proliferation, and a proliferative effect on human hair-follicle dermal papilla (HDP) cells. Apoptotic pathways in HDP cells were downregulated by Cs-EE treatment. Thus, Cs-EE could be a potential treatment for AGA.

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Connaraceae: An updated overview of research and the pharmacological potential of 39 species

Cited by 9 publications

References 117 publications

In vitro Antiplasmodial and Haemolytic Activities of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei Used to Treat Malaria in Côte d’Ivoire

In vitro Antiplasmodial and Haemolytic Activities of Trema orientalis, Cnestis ferruginea and Dialium dinklagei Used to Treat Malaria in Côte d’Ivoire

A taxonomic revision of Neotropical Connarus (Connaraceae)

Connarus semidecandrus Jack Exerts Anti-Alopecia Effects by Targeting 5α-Reductase Activity and an Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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