Conjunctivitis and COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Loffredo, Lorenzo; Pacella, Fernanda; Pacella, Elena; Tiscione, Giulia; Oliva, Alessandra; Violi, Francesco

doi:10.1002/jmv.25938

Cited by 144 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Prevalence of conjunctival congestion in previous studies[ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] [ Table 5 ] conducted in China showed variable results of 0.81%, 3.33%, 4.68%, 31.57%, 1.1%, 3.57%. Our study shows a prevalence of 6.29%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Studies conducted in China showed conjunctivitis as one of the manifestations and the first case was reportedly notified by an ophthalmologist. [ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] To the best of our knowledge, no studies are available in India to find the ocular symptoms among COVID-19 affected populations. This led us to conduct a study to find the prevalence of conjunctivitis and other ocular manifestation in one of the nodal hospitals for COVID-19 patients in India.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical profile and prevalence of conjunctivitis in mild COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Sindhuja

Lomi

Asif

et al. 2020

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To find the clinical profile and prevalence of conjunctivitis and other ocular manifestations in mild COVID-19 positive patients in a nodal COVID-19 hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional, single-center study conducted in 127 mild cases of COVID-19 positive patients admitted between 27 th March and 19 th April 2020 in a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital in north India. From the hospital records, demographic data is collected. Ocular history and ocular examinations were done by face-to-face survey during ward rounds. Results: A total of 127 patients were included in the study with a median age of 38.8 years. Forty-eight (37.80%) patients had upper respiratory tract symptoms, 20 (15.75%) patients had systemic illness, 18 (14.17%) patients were using spectacles, and 50 (39.37%) patients had history of hand-eye contact. Out of 12 (9.45%) patients who had ocular complaints, 11 (8.66%) had ocular manifestation after admission. Among 11 patients, eight (6.29%) had conjunctival congestion. Three (3/8) patients had developed conjunctival congestion even before the manifestation of definite COVID-19 symptoms. Five patients (5/8) patients had no other associated ocular symptoms other than congestion. Six patients (6/8) had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion: Mild conjunctivitis manifesting as conjunctival congestion is common and is one of the major ocular manifestations in COVID-19 positive patients even with milder disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile and prevalence of conjunctivitis in mild COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Sindhuja

Lomi

Asif

et al. 2020

Indian J Ophthalmol

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“… 1 Growing evidence suggests that human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs through droplets, contacts, and fomites. 2 , 3 This virus was also detected in the ocular surface of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis, 4 , 5 especially in the prodromal stages of the disease until complete recovery. In Italy, many cases were registered, putting the national health care system under a lot of pressure, especially due to the limited number of intensive care units.…”

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confidence: 89%

Management of anti-VEGF intravitreal treatment at University Hospital Federico II of Naples during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

et al. 2020

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 in Hubei, a province in China, and rapidly spreads all over the world, causing an endured pandemic. 1 Growing evidence suggests that human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs through droplets, contacts, and fomites. 2,3 This virus was also detected in the ocular surface of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis, 4,5 especially in the prodromal stages of the disease until complete recovery. In Italy, many cases were registered, putting the national health care system under a lot of pressure, especially due to the limited number of intensive care units. Ophthalmologists are the high-risk category to become infected or asymptomatic carriers during routine visits because they come in close faceto-face contact with patients during slit-lamp examination, ophthalmoscopy, and other ophthalmologic imaging processes, and the virus load is especially high in the nasal cavity. In Italy, the government ordered the suspension of all deferral outpatient and surgical activities for at least 2 months. Therefore, in these unprecedented circumstances, we proceeded to reorganize the clinical management of the patients, paying attention to those who suffered from ocular pathologies that could lead to blindness. In particular, we evaluated how to guarantee continuity in intravitreal injection (IVI) therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) to patients affected by neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal venous occlusion (RVO), myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and diabetic macular edema (DME) without Visit SAGE journals online journals.sagepub.com/ home/oed SAGE journals

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“…Studies indicate that patients with severe COVID-19 may present conjunctivitis ( 145 ), and CoVs have been previously detected in tears ( 146 ). CoVs gain direct access to the conjunctival mucosa as the viral particles from an infected patient travel in droplets that reach the eye.…”

Section: The Inflammasome Covid-19 and Non-respiratory Manifestatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19

Vaccari¹,

et al. 2020

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the genus Betacoronavirus and the Coronaviridiae family responsible for infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and more recently, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). CoV infections present mainly as respiratory infections that lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, CoVs, such as COVID-19, also present as a hyperactivation of the inflammatory response that results in increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and its downstream molecule IL-6. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the activation of caspase-1 that leads to the activation of IL-1β in a variety of diseases and infections such as CoV infection and in different tissues such as lungs, brain, intestines and kidneys, all of which have been shown to be affected in COVID-19 patients. Here we review the literature regarding the mechanism of inflammasome activation by CoV infection, the role of the inflammasome in ARDS, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) as well as the potential mechanism by which the inflammasome may contribute to the damaging effects of inflammation in the cardiac, renal, digestive, and nervous systems in COVID-19 patients.

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Conjunctivitis and COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Cited by 144 publications

References 11 publications

Clinical profile and prevalence of conjunctivitis in mild COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Clinical profile and prevalence of conjunctivitis in mild COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Management of anti-VEGF intravitreal treatment at University Hospital Federico II of Naples during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19

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