Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence area, but not intensity, is associated with myopia

Kearney, Stephanie; O’Donoghue, Lisa; Pourshahidi, L.K.; Richardson, Patrick; Laird, Éamon; Healy, Martin; Saunders, Kathryn

doi:10.1111/cxo.12825

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…There are a number of published clinical studies demonstrating ocular surface damage from natural UV exposure, mainly utilising the method of conjunctival UV autofluorescence (CUVAF) [12,[15][16][17], which has been proposed as a biomarker for time spent outdoors [17]. Interestingly, there are limited publications on eye protection during suntanning sessions, and no published clinical studies evaluating the damage of the ocular surface during artificial indoor suntanning [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage of the ocular surface from indoor suntanning—Insights from in vivo confocal microscopy

Grupcheva

Radeva

Grupchev

et al. 2021

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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To evaluate the ocular surface at the microstructural level of adults who habitually undertake indoorsuntanning utilising in vivo confocal microscopy. Methods: Participants were prospectively recruited and enrolled into either а study group (n = 75) with a history UV indoor tanning, or a control group (n = 75) with no prior history of artificial tanning. The study group participated in voluntary tanning sessions performed with standard equipment and maintained their usual routine for eye protection. Slit lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed at baseline before undertaking a series of suntanning sessions (10 sessions of 10 min duration over a 15 day period), within three days after the last session, and four weeks after the last session. Control group participants were examined at baseline and 8 weeks later and did not participate in tanning sessions. Results: All participants were female with a mean age of 25 ± 4 years and 24 ± 4 years in the study and control groups, respectively. No clinically significant changes were observed in either group over time using slit lamp biomicroscopy (all p ≥ 0.05), however, statistically significant differences were observed between the study and the control group for all corneal layers imaged using confocal microscopy (all p ≤ 0.03). Characteristic cystic conjunctival lesions with dark centres and bright borders were observed in 95% of the study group before and in 100% after the suntanning sessions. Conclusion: Indoor suntanning resulted in statistically significant microstructural changes in the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva that are undetectable with slit lamp biomicroscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage of the ocular surface from indoor suntanning—Insights from in vivo confocal microscopy

Grupcheva

Radeva

Grupchev

et al. 2021

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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“…The subjective and retrospective nature of the questionnaire used to obtain information could explain the absence of significant differences between the groups. Therefore, more objective methods should be implemented in future studies, for example biomarkers of outdoor exposure such as vitamin D levels [44] or conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental factors related to the development of myopic maculopathy in Spanish patients

et al. 2020

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High myopia and the subsequent degenerative changes of the retina, choroid, and sclera, known as myopic maculopathy (MM), are a serious visual problem in many Asian countries, and are beginning to be so in the south of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean. It is therefore necessary to carry out genetic and environmental studies to determine the possible causes of this disease. This study aims to verify if the genetic factors that have been most related to Asian populations are also associated in two Spanish cohorts. Eight SNPs from six genes (PAX6, SCO2, CCDC102B, BLID, chromosome 15q14, and COL8A1) along with demographic, ophthalmic and environmental factors were analysed in two cohorts from a total of 365 highly myopic subjects and 177 control subjects. The genetic analysis showed that COL8A1 SNP rs13095226 was associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and also seems to play an important role in the increase of axial length. The SNP rs634990 of chromosome 15q14 also showed a significant association with MM, although this was lost after the Bonferroni correction. Additional demographic and environmental factors, namely age, sex, smoking status, and pregnancy history, were also found to be associated with MM and CNV in this population.

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“…Several previous cross-sectional studies have found an inverse association between the serum concentration of 25[OH]D and measures of myopia in children and young adults 11,12,17,18. On the other hand, a small ( n = 50) cross-sectional study of young adults in Northern Ireland recently found no significant difference in 25[OH]D 3 concentration in those with and without myopia, possibly due to a lack of power 19. The only longitudinal study investigating this relationship found no association between myopia at 15 years of age and previous serum 25[OH]D 3 or total serum 25[OH]D, after adjusting for reported time spent outdoors at age 9 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Is Not Associated With Refractive Error in Middle-Aged and Older Western Australian Adults

Lingham

Yazar

Lucas

et al. 2019

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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PurposeTo investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and refractive error in a community-based cohort of adults aged 46 to 69 years.MethodsResidents of the City of Busselton in Western Australia born between 1946 and 1964 were invited to participate. Participants underwent cycloplegic autorefraction and completed questionnaires on education, occupational sun exposure, and physical activity. Blood samples were collected and serum frozen at −80°C. Serum 25[OH]D concentration was measured by immunoassay. Data on 25[OH]D were deseasonalized and multivariate models built to analyze the association between 25[OH]D concentration and spherical equivalent and myopia, defined as spherical equivalent <−0.50 D.ResultsAfter exclusions, data were available for 4112 participants. Serum 25[OH]D concentration was not associated with spherical equivalent or myopia after adjustment for confounding factors (β = −0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.03 to −0.008, P = 0.25, and odds ratio = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.05, P = 0.12, respectively). When participants were classified into 25[OH]D groups of lower (<50 nmol/L), medium (≥50 to <75 nmol/L), and upper (≥75 nmol/L), the upper group had slightly greater myopic refractive error than the medium group (P = 0.02) but not the lower group, after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsThere was no substantial association between 25[OH]D levels and spherical equivalent or odds of myopia in this study. The association previously noted between low serum 25[OH]D level and myopia in younger Western Australians is not evident in later adulthood.Translational RelevanceThis study provides further evidence suggesting that vitamin D levels are unrelated to myopia risk in adults and thus not a suitable target for myopia intervention.

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Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence area, but not intensity, is associated with myopia

Abstract: Myopia was associated with smaller areas of CUVAF indicative of less cumulative ultraviolet-B exposure. These findings suggest that CUVAF measures are a useful, non-invasive biomarker of the time spent outdoors in adults in northern hemisphere populations.

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Damage of the ocular surface from indoor suntanning—Insights from in vivo confocal microscopy

Damage of the ocular surface from indoor suntanning—Insights from in vivo confocal microscopy

Genetic and environmental factors related to the development of myopic maculopathy in Spanish patients

Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Is Not Associated With Refractive Error in Middle-Aged and Older Western Australian Adults

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