Conjunctival Lymphoma—An International Multicenter Retrospective Study

Kirkegaard, Marina M.; Rasmussen, P; Coupland, Sarah E.; Esmaeli, Bita; Finger, Paul T.; Graue, Gerardo F.; Grossniklaus, Hans E.; Honavar, Santosh G; Khong, Jwu Jin; McKelvie, Penny; Mulay, Kaustubh; Prause, Jan Ulrik; Ralfkiær, Elisabeth; Sjö, Lene Dissing; Toft, Peter Bjerre; Vemuganti, Geeta K.; Thuro, Bradley A.; Curtin, Jeremy; Heegaard, Steffen

doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.6122

Cited by 90 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For autoimmune disease as possible pathogenesis, we neither could find any autoimmune disease nor IgG4 disease in our patient series. Conjunctival EMZL also has a female predilection (75.3%), in contrast to other ocular adnexal EMZLs, which is consistent with previous report 23. This finding suggests a role for hormonal factors and autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of conjunctival EMZL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characteristics of primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in Korea: conjunctiva versus other ocular adnexa

2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characteristics of primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in Korea: conjunctiva versus other ocular adnexa

2017

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“…For a lesion suspicious for CL, the gold standard of diagnosis is a conjunctival biopsy, which is then sent for both histology and flow cytometry and gene rearrangement. The mainstay of treatment of CL involves orbital radiation if the disease is local or systemic chemotherapy if the disease is metastatic 62 . Rarely, excision with cryotherapy or intralesional chemotherapy or immunotherapy is utilized 63–65 .…”

Section: Conjunctival Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates in Ocular Surface Tumor Diagnostics

Nanji¹,

Mercado²,

Dubovy³

et al. 2017

International Ophthalmology Clinics

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Purpose To evaluate technologies and techniques available for the diagnosis of ocular surface tumors. Methods A review of the literature from 1947 to 2017, through the PubMed Database, was conducted in order to evaluate current diagnostic methods for ocular surface tumors. Results Ocular surface squamous neoplasia, conjunctival melanoma, and conjunctival lymphoma are the three most common ocular surface malignancies. Technologies available to assist with diagnosis of these conditions, in addition to full thickness biopsy, include vital dyes, aspiration and impression cytology, in vivo confocal microscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, genetic testing, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Conclusions Histology remains the gold standard for diagnosis for all 3 of these malignancies. However, multiple diagnostic techniques are available to assist in making preliminary and early diagnoses, in differentiating between similar-appearing lesions, and in some cases, avoiding biopsy prior to initiating treatment. As imaging and technology continue to evolve, these adjunctive techniques will likely continue to play a greater role in clinical practice.

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“…Limitations of the current study include its retrospective character and the possibility of RNA degradation within FFPE samples over time. However, as malignancies of the ocular adnexa are very rare tumour entities with reported incidences of 0.02-3.5 per 100,000 for SCC [31], 0.2-0.8 per 1,000,000 for melanoma [32,33] and 2-4 per 1,000,000 for lymphoma [34], a prospective collection of tumour samples would be challenging and require a multi-centre collaborative approach to include sufficient numbers of tumour patients. Even though some of the samples had been stored in paraffin for over 10 years, each MACE library included an adequate number of reads, thus allowing for exact quantification and comparison of mRNA profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%