Conjugated linoleic acid and chromium lower body weight and visceral fat mass in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice

Abstract

More than half of the U.S. population has a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or more, which classifies them as overweight or obese. Obesity is often associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. CLA and chromium have emerged as major dietary supplements that reduce body weight and fat mass, and increase basal metabolic rate in animal models. However, studies show that CLA induces insulin resistance in mice and in humans, whereas Cr improves insulin sensitivity. Hence, we designed the present study to examine the combined effect of CLA and Cr on body composition and insulin sensitivity in a Balb/c mice (n = 10/group) model of high-fat-diet-induced obesity. CLA alone lowered body weight, total body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, the last of which decreased further with the combination of CLA and Cr. This effect was accompanied by decreased serum leptin levels in CLA-fed and CLA + Cr-fed mice, and by higher energy expenditure (EE) and oxygen consumption (OC) in CLA + Cr-fed mice. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as insulin resistance index (IRI), decreased with CLA, whereas CLA and Cr in combination had significant effects on insulin and IL-6 concentrations and IRI. In summary, CLA + Cr decreased body weight and fat mass in high-fat-diet-fed mice, which may be associated with decreased leptin levels and higher EE and OC.

Obesity, longevity, quality of life

“…All experiments some manner altered absorption and/or metabolic utilization of fat. [62][63][64] Visual observations are in agreement with Heidrick et al 23 in that 2-Me-treated mice were more active, but not sufficiently to curtail development of obesity. Thus, even though the mechanism by which obesity was prevented by 2-Me is likely not going to be easily established, alternatives to consider are changes in; (a) intestinal microbiota, 65 (b) factors, such as protamine, 66 (c) duodenal hormones, 67 (d) Carboxypeptidase E expression, 68 (e) feed efficiency 69 similar to that observed for lipoic acid supplementation (a sulfur-containing molecule!)…”

“…and (f ) modulation of food (especially fat) absorption or utilization. [62][63][64] One other important observation made during the present investigation, is that in the last weeks of life on any of the diets, only nontreated mice became recumbent, emaciated, and cachectic. In fact, it was possible to predict via visualization, which nontreated mice would succumb within 48 hours, whereas similar predictions could not accurately be made for treated animals.…”

Body measurements and serum lipid profile of overweight adult dogs fed diet with containing conjugated linoleic acid

“…These results suggest that the isomer 9-cis, 11-trans modifies the energy balance, especially by increasing energy expenditure. Similar results were obtained by BHATTACHARYA et al (2006), who reported a decrease in body weight, total body and visceral fat, reduction of serum leptin levels and an increase of energy expenditure and consumption of oxygen in rats supplemented with CLA in the diet. In the current study, there was no difference in energy intake by dogs fed with the diet with CLA supplementation compared with the dogs fed with the control diet.…”

Effects of Dietary Chromium (III) Picolinate on Growth Performance, Respiratory Rate, Plasma Variables, and Carcass Traits of Pigs Fed High-Fat Diets

“…The effects of Cr have been investigated in various stress situations of animals including thermal stress [9,10], immune stress [11], and transportation stress [7]. However, studies on dietary Cr in animals under nutritional stress such as high-fat diets (HFD) have been rare and limited only to rodent models [12,13].…”