Obesity, longevity, quality of life

Click, Robert E.

doi:10.4161/viru.1.6.13803

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Animals were kept in 12h/12h light-dark with free access to food and water. Food intake was measured daily for two weeks in the second month of treatment and was found to be similar between the two groups (7.29 ± 0.22% and 7.92 ± 0.4% of body weight, for control and BME-treated, respectively, p = 0.2), as would be expected based on the literature 20 .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 75%

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2014

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Aims Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with increased oxidant stress. However, treatments of obese subjects with different types of antioxidants often give mixed outcomes. In this work, we sought to determine if long-term supplementation of a thiol antioxidant, β-mercaptoethanol, to diet-induced obese mice may improve their health conditions. Main Methods Middle-age mice with pre-existing diet-induced obesity were provided with low concentration β-mercaptoethanol (BME) in drinking water for six months. Animals were assessed for body composition, gripping strength, spontaneous physical and metabolic activities, as well as insulin and pyruvate tolerance tests. Markers of inflammation were assessed in plasma, fat tissue, and liver. Key findings BME-treated mice gained less fat mass and more lean mass than the control animals. They also showed increased nocturnal locomotion and respiration, as well as greater gripping strength. BME reduced plasma lipid peroxidation, decreased abdominal fat tissue inflammation, reduced fat infiltration into muscle and liver, and reduced liver and plasma C-reactive protein. However, BME was found to desensitize insulin signaling in vivo, an effect also confirmed by in vitro experiments. Conclusion Long-term supplementation of low dose thiol antioxidant BME improved functional outcomes in animals with pre-existing obesity. Additional studies are needed to address the treatment impact on insulin sensitivity if a therapeutic value is to be explored.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 75%

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2014

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“…These compounds are thought to act by increasing antioxidant activity such as that due to manganese superoxide dismutase [ 37 ]. There are several reports showing that MER, given orally long-term to mice, prevents the spontaneous cancers common in mice and dramatically increases longevity [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. It should be noted that, although the compounds are frequently used in the thiol form, it is the disulfide which predominates in an aerobic environment.…”

Section: Sulfur As a Regulatory Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry and New Regulatory Roles in Biology

Toohey¹,

2014

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The understanding of sulfur bonding is undergoing change. Old theories on hypervalency of sulfur and the nature of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond are now questioned. At the same time, there is a rapidly expanding literature on the effects of sulfur in regulating biological systems. The two fields are inter-related because the new understanding of the thiosulfoxide bond helps to explain the newfound roles of sulfur in biology. This review examines the nature of thiosulfoxide (sulfane, S0) sulfur, the history of its regulatory role, its generation in biological systems, and its functions in cells. The functions include synthesis of cofactors (molybdenum cofactor, iron-sulfur clusters), sulfuration of tRNA, modulation of enzyme activities, and regulating the redox environment by several mechanisms (including the enhancement of the reductive capacity of glutathione). A brief review of the analogous form of selenium suggests that the toxicity of selenium may be due to over-reduction caused by the powerful reductive activity of glutathione perselenide.

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“…Mercaptoethanol disulfide yields S o when dehydrogenated by alcohol dehydrogenase [28]. When fed life-long to mice, mercaptoethanol dramatically prevented obesity and lowered serum cholesterol [51]. In other studies, mercaptoethanol totally prevented the cancers that normally kill mice [52] and caused a 50% increase in longevity [51,53,54].…”

Section: New Findings On the Effects Of Sulfur On Fatty Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Amino Acids in Diet-induced Fatty Liver: A New Perspective Based on Recent Findings

Toohey¹

2014

Molecules

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Abstract:The relationship of sulfur amino acids to diet-induced fatty liver was established 80 years ago, with cystine promoting the condition and methionine preventing it. This relationship has renewed importance today because diet-induced fatty liver is relevant to the current epidemics of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Two recent papers provide the first evidence linking sulfane sulfur to diet-induced fatty liver opening a new perspective on the problem. This review summarizes the early data on sulfur amino acids in fatty liver and correlates that data with current knowledge of sulfur metabolism. Evidence is reviewed showing that the lipotropic effect of methionine may be mediated by sulfane sulfur and that the hepatosteatogenic effect of cystine may be related to the removal of sulfane sulfur by cysteine catabolites. Possible preventive and therapeutic strategies are discussed.

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Obesity, longevity, quality of life

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry and New Regulatory Roles in Biology

Sulfur Amino Acids in Diet-induced Fatty Liver: A New Perspective Based on Recent Findings

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