“…Radical healing has five critical components: (a) critical consciousness, (b) radical hope, (c) strength and resistance, (d) cultural authenticity and self-knowledge, and (e) collectivism. Conscientização , or critical consciousness, is a term conceived by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire in the 1960s (Freire, 1963). Critical consciousness refers to the dialectical process of (a) reaching an in-depth understanding (critical reflection) of the world and its oppressive forces as anchored in one’s lived knowledge; and (b) taking individual collective action against these oppressive elements with a sense of political efficacy and hope for a new set of better possibilities, or radical hope (Comas-Días & Torres Rivera, 2020; Freire, 2000; Neville, 2022).…”