Congenital right-sided pericardial defect with herniation of part of the lung into the pericardial cavity

Complete Left Pericardial Defect with Dual Passage of the Phrenic Nerve: A Challenge to the Widely Accepted Embryogenic Theory

“…A case reported by Moene and associates [7] had a right pericardial defect between the superior vena cava and the right lung hilum. Such cases illustrate the validity of Keith's theory.…”

“…However, the finding in our patient that the posterior portion of the phrenic nerve is located dorsal to the defect suggests closure of the pericardio-pleural foramen inasmuch as the phrenic nerve migrated into the diaphragm through the pericardio-pleural membrane. Moreover, Moene and associates [7] found that closure of the pericardio-pleural foramen usually occurs first on the left side in the human embryo. This observation presumes persistence of the pericardiopleural foramen to occur more on the right side than the left, which contradicts the fact that the majority of pericardial defects are left-sided.…”

The Developing Heart

“…A case reported by Moene and associates [7] had a right pericardial defect between the superior vena cava and the right lung hilum. A case reported by Moene and associates [7] had a right pericardial defect between the superior vena cava and the right lung hilum.…”

“…4A-C). Moreover, Moene and associates [7] found that closure of the pericardio-pleural foramen usually occurs first on the left side in the human embryo. However, the finding in our patient that the posterior portion of the phrenic nerve is located dorsal to the defect suggests closure of the pericardio-pleural foramen inasmuch as the phrenic nerve migrated into the diaphragm through the pericardio-pleural membrane.…”

Congenital Complete Absence of the Left Pericardium: A Rare Cause of Chest Pain or Pseudo‐right Heart Overload

“…2 It coexists with an incomplete closure of the anterior chest wall and with anomalies of the transverse septum. In the extreme form there is ectopia of the heart, either extrathoracic (ectopia cordis) where the heart is exposed and the epicardium rapidly dries up, 3 or inside an omphalocele (anterior celosomia). In less severe forms the heart remains intrathoracic, but falls over in the left hemithorax and may be associated with diaphragmatic defects or intrathoracic hepatic hamartoma.…”