Congenital holoprosencephaly with severe otocephaly in a rottweiler puppy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Malformations in Dogs and Cats

“…There is a single lateral ventricle, the holosphere or mononventricle, within one large horseshoe‐shaped cerebrum 2 . In this condition, midline structures are fused, the olfactory bulbs, corpus callosum, septum pellucidum, and septal nuclei are absent, and there may be a single cycloptic globe 1,3,38 . Alobar HPE is a sporadic malformation in dogs and cats 4,38 .…”

“…4,38 With semilobar HPE, the rostral cerebral hemispheres fail to separate but the occipital lobes are distinct. 38,39 In this condition, the septal nuclei, rostral corpus callosum (genu and body), and septum pellicudum are absent, and the rostral cingulate gyri and caudate nuclei are continuous across midline. Lobar HPE is the least severe variant in which only the most rostral and ventral portions of the cerebral hemispheres are nonseparated.…”

Semilobar Holoprosencephaly Associated with Multiple Malformations in a Foal

“…In the case of this report, the morphological features of the brain are consistent with semilobar HPE. Semilobar form represents a moderate degree of HPE that has been described in different animal species (Binns et al., ; Siebert et al., ; Martínez et al., ). The brain defects observed in the foal of our report are similar to those of documented in a Morgan horse in which no other malformations were described (Koch et al., ).…”

“…The holoprosencephaly syndrome has been reported in lambs (Roth et al., ; Zeiss et al., ), pigs (Holmes et al., ; Fisher et al., ), dogs (Sullivan et al., ; Martínez et al., ) and macaques (Siebert et al., ; Tarantal et al., ). Single cases have been documented in a calf (Cho et al., ) and a horse (Koch et al., ).…”

Veterinary Dysmorphology

“…They may be multiple anomalies that affect an area of anatomically related structures, being monotopic field defects; or they may be anomalies in different areas of the body, being polytopic field defects. Holoprosencephaly in its different degrees is a monotopic field, such as semilobar holoprosencephaly in Morgan horses (Kock et al, 2005), and may be associated with otocephaly, as reported by Martínez et al, (2006) in a Rottweiler dog. Lumbosacral agenesis in its different degrees is a polytopic field defect and has been described in a number of domestic species, such as sheep (Denis, 1975), cattle (Jones, 1999;Son et al, 2008), pigs (Avedillo & Camón, 2007) and dogs (Araújo et al, 2008).…”