Congenital Heart Block With Dextrocardia

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Upgrade in a Patient with Dextrocardia and Situs Inversus Totalis, Facilitated by Coronary Sinus Cannulation with Electrophysiology Catheters from Both Femoral and Axillary Venous Approaches

“…There are case reports published on the association of both congenital heart block and acquired degeneration of the conduction system with DX-SIT. [7][8][9] Regardless, the exact mechanism of complete heart block in this case is still not clear.…”

“…6 Congenital heart block may coexist with dextrocardia. 7 There are case reports of early to mid-adulthood presentations of complete heart block in association with dextrocardia. 8,9 This phenomenon could possibly be due to idiopathic degeneration of the conduction system or delayed requirement for cardiac pacing associated with congenital heart block.…”

Complete Heart Block in Children: Report of Three Cases Possibly Attributable to Measles

“…Logue and Hanson (1945) report a case of transient complete heart block in an American soldier during an attack of German measles which ran such an atypical course that the diagnosis must be rgarded as doubtful. According to Leys (1943), 'partial and trnset heart block is, ofcourse, common enough in the acute infections, but, if it should become complete, the patient usually dies.' This is certainly true of diphtheria, the acute infection most commonly associated with heart block, for all reports agree that survival for any length of time after the development of complete heart block is unusual.…”

Heart block following diphtheria

“…In 1943 when reporting a case of congenital heart block with dextrocardia (Leys, 1943) I discussed the differential diagnosis of acquired and congenital heart block. It was remarked that complete heart block due to diphtheria (and probably other infections also) was almost always fatal, and that.nearly all cases of complete heart block in children and young adults were congenital.…”