Congenital craniofacial anomalies

Abstract

This article systematically reviews the major craniofacial anomalies of ophthalmic importance and highlights salient treatment issues.

Craniofacial and maxillary anomalies: Anesthetic implications and management

“…[12][13][14][15] It may be classifi ed into various types, e.g., brachycephaly (short skull) seen in bilateral coronal synostosis, scaphocephaly (boat shaped skull) seen in sagittal synostosis, trigonocephaly seen in metopic synostosis, plagiocephaly seen in unilateral coronal synostosis etc. It results in mal development of the vault and base of the skull with a raised intracranial tension (ICT).…”

Newer Understanding of Eye Issues in Craniofacial Malformations

“…In a 2010 systematic review on congenital craniofacial anomalies, Forbes stated that the presentations and etiologies of vision loss are changing as craniofacial surgical techniques and timing of intervention have evolved [38,46,47]. In addition to surgical advances, there have also been advances in skull and orbit imaging modalities and optic nerve imaging to gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis.…”

Advances in Craniofacial Surgery

“…Metopism is known as a condition of having a persistent metopic suture or persistence of the frontal metopic suture in the adult human calvarium. The main factor of metopic synostosis is to increase the volume of the anterior cranial fossa ( Figure 5) [5,6]. During the embryonic period at the frontal region, there is a membranous tissue between the right and the left halves.…”

“…At birth, the frontal bone contains two portions, separated by the metopic or frontal suture. Normally, the frontal suture is obliterated, except at its lower part until the 8th year, but rarely persists during the entire lifetime ( Figure 6) [5,6]. Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition with asymmetrical distortion and flattening of one side of the skull.…”

“…The patient may have a very flat and recessed forehead. Flat spot on the back or one side of the head may be caused by remaining in a supine position for a long time [5][6][7][8].…”