Congener-specific bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and coplanar PCBs in cows: Laboratory and field measurements

Slobs, W.; Olling, M.; Derks, H.J.G.M.; Jong, A.P.J.M. de

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00256-8

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also the carry-over rates in cows eating grass contaminated by a neighboring MWI were rather low compared to other studies, although Schuler et al (1997) also investigated the carry-over in a field study near a modern waste incinerator and found much higher carry-over rates. When assuming that the study by Slob et al (1995) would be the most representative for drying and fires, levels 2-to 3-fold the ML would probably not cause a problem in milk, whereas the results from the other studies would suggest otherwise. In order to obtain more certainty about the relevant carry-over rates, a study with lactating dairy cows was performed with the dried SBP pellets described above and with maize silage contaminated by a fire with a large amount of PVC-plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, none of these studies applied materials that were contaminated by either a drying process or a fire. Interestingly, a study by Slob et al (1995) with a single dose of fly ash showed a very poor transfer to milk, probably due to poor absorption. Also the carry-over rates in cows eating grass contaminated by a neighboring MWI were rather low compared to other studies, although Schuler et al (1997) also investigated the carry-over in a field study near a modern waste incinerator and found much higher carry-over rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp

et al. 2015

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“…PCDD/F patterns from incineration processes usually include all congeners, have relatively more furans than dioxins, and produce HxCDD isomers in relatively the same amounts . This type of congener pattern can be seen in the milk from cows raised near a municipal waste incinerator and is also shown in figure 3 (Slob et al 1995). The congener pattern from the highly contaminated animal from Montana resembles an incineration-type of pattern more than a PCP-type of pattern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…PCDD/F congener patterns in fat from a steer exposed to PCP-treated wood (Feil et al 2000) and milk fat from a cow grazing near a municipal waste incinerator (Slob et al 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in cattle raised at agricultural research facilities across the USA and the influence of pentachlorophenol-treated wood

Huwe

Davison

Feil

et al. 2004

Food Additives and Contaminants

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Adipose tissue samples from 158 cattle raised locally at experiment stations across the USA were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F). While 80% of the samples had PCDD/F concentrations that fell within the range of a previous US survey of beef animals (not detected -4.1 ppt toxic equivalency), several animals had exceptionally high concentrations (8-54 ppt toxic equivalency). The investigations of three facilities where highly contaminated animals were raised found pentachlorophenol-treated wood at each site. The congener pattern in the animals' tissues and the lack of elevated PCDD/F levels in other environmental samples, i.e. hay and soil, indicated that the treated wood was the source of contamination. A congener pattern similar to that of pentachlorophenol-exposed animals was seen for the means and medians of the entire data, i.e. OCDD, HpCDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD dominated, the PCDD concentrations equalled or exceeded the furan concentrations, and the concentration of 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD was six times that of the other HxCDD isomers. This suggested that pentachlorophenol-treated wood contributed measurably to many of the animals in this survey. The largest contributors to the median toxic equivalencies were 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD (40%) and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD (16%). No clear geographical trends emerged from the data.

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“…Most ruminant studies have involved cattle (Travis and Arms, 1988;Willett et al, 1990;McLachlan, 1993;Slob et al, 1995;Schuler et al, 1997;McLachlan and Richter, 1998;Thomas et al, 1998;Fries et al, 1999;Sweetman et al, 1999;Traag et al, 1999;Malisch, 2000;Birak et al, 2001;Richter and McLachlan, 2001;Thorpe et al, 2001;Hoogenboom, 2004;Huwe and Smith, 2005;Schulz et al, 2005;Rychen et al, 2008). Only few studies have been published involving small ruminants (Schulz et al, 2005;Costera et al, 2006;Rychen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sheep Exposure To Dioxins and Pcbs From Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of high levels of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in liver from sheep and deer

2011

EFS2

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in liver from sheep and deer. The opinion should also explore possible reasons for these high findings. Moreover, EFSA was asked whether dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels for liver should better be expressed on fresh weight rather than on a fat basis. The Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) evaluated dioxin and PCB results from 332 sheep liver, 175 sheep meat and 9 deer liver samples submitted by eight European countries and estimated the exposure through consumption of sheep liver for adults (consumers only) and children. Regular consumption of sheep liver would result on average in an approximate 20 % increase of the median background exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) for adults. On individual occasions, consumption of sheep liver could result in high intakes exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). The CONTAM Panel concluded that the frequent consumption of sheep liver, particularly by women of child-bearing age and children, may be a potential health concern. Additional intake of non dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) from consumption of sheep liver does not add substantially to the total dietary intake. The range of fat content in sheep liver is considerably narrower than for a number of other food categories regulated in Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel sees no need to change the basis for expression of results and maximum levels solely for liver from fat weight to fresh weight basis. A lower activity of CYP1A enzymes in sheep than in cattle was identified as a possible reason for higher dioxin and DL-PCB levels in sheep liver. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in liver from sheep and deer EFSA Journal 2011;9(7):2297 2 © European Food SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver from sheep and deer. The opinion should also explore possible reasons for the findings of high levels of dioxins and PCBs in liver from sheep and deer. Finally, the question was raised whether dioxin and PCB levels for liver, as for fish, should better be expressed on a fresh weight basis rather than on a fat basis.Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are two groups of tricyclic planar compounds that often are together referred to as "dioxins". Unless otherwise stated, in this opinion the term "dioxins" refers to PCDDs and PCDFs together. Dependent on the number of chlorine atoms (1-8) and their positions in the rings, 75 PCDDs and 135 PCDFs, termed "congeners", can occur. Dioxins are poorly soluble in water but highly soluble in lipids. Due to their lipophilic properties they accumulate in the food chain and a...

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Congener-specific bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and coplanar PCBs in cows: Laboratory and field measurements

Cited by 54 publications

References 13 publications

Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp

Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in cattle raised at agricultural research facilities across the USA and the influence of pentachlorophenol-treated wood

Scientific Opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of high levels of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in liver from sheep and deer

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