“…They avoid asking questions, are over-dependent on the teacher, and simplymemorize knowledge from textbooks or class materials rather than trying to gain a true understanding of content delivered by teachers (Tran, 2013). Their learning style is sometimes criticized by scholars as surface learning (Subramaniam, 2008). However, other researchers have shown that CHC students have "a stronger preference for high-level, meaning-based, learning strategies, and avoidance of rote learning, than that of Western students" (Biggs, 1996a, p.52).…”