Conformity to gender norms among female student-athletes: Implications for body image.

Steinfeldt, Jesse A.; Zakrajsek, Rebecca A.; Carter, Hailee; Steinfeldt, Matthew C.

doi:10.1037/a0023634

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…They may also be more assertive in seeking health care and more likely to practice health promotive behaviors, such as cancer screening. Previous research provides support for this mechanism as women who endorse masculine gender norms are more likely to report higher levels of body satisfaction (Steinfedlt, Zakrajsek, Carter, & Steinfeldt, 2011), higher levels of ego-strength and self-esteem (Woo & Oie, 2006), lower occurrence of social anxiety disorder (Roberts, Hart, & Coroiu, 2011), and lower suicidal thoughts than women who hold more traditional views on gender roles (Hunt, Sweeting Keoghan, & Platt, 2006). …”

Section: Gender Rolesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gender roles and acculturation: Relationships with cancer screening among Vietnamese American women.

Nguyen¹,

Clark²,

Belgrave³

2014

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of demographic variables and the interplay between gender roles and acculturation on breast and cervical cancer screening outcomes among Vietnamese American women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 100 Vietnamese women from the Richmond, VA, metropolitan area. Women were recruited to participate in a larger cancer screening intervention. All participants completed measures on demographic variables, gender roles, acculturation, and cancer screening variables. Findings indicated that traditional masculine gender roles were associated with increased self-efficacy for breast and cervical cancer screening. Higher levels of acculturation were associated with higher probability of having had a Papanicolaou test. In addition, acculturation moderated the relationship between traditional female gender roles and cancer screening variables. For highly acculturated women, higher levels of feminine gender roles predicted higher probability of having had a previous clinical breast exam and higher levels of self-efficacy for cervical cancer screening, while the opposite was true for lower acculturated women. The findings of this study indicate the important roles that sociodemographic variables, gender roles, and acculturation play in affecting health attitudes and behaviors among Vietnamese women. These findings also help to identify a potentially high-risk subgroup and existing gaps that need to be targeted by preventive interventions.

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Section: Gender Rolesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gender roles and acculturation: Relationships with cancer screening among Vietnamese American women.

Nguyen¹,

Clark²,

Belgrave³

2014

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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“…Yet the researchers also note that this same norm has been linked to negative outcomes among men, such as heavy episodic drinking, implying that conformity to gender norms differ across contexts, as well as genders (Steinfeldt et al, 2011). In another study among adolescent girls and boys, girls who endorsed masculine norms including risk-taking and playboy norms were more likely to report alcohol use (Iwamoto & Smiler, 2013).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of feminine and masculine norms in college women’s alcohol use.

Kaya

2016

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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Current literature suggests not only that men and women can conform to both feminine and masculine norms, but that women who adhere to certain masculine norms may be at greater risk for problematic alcohol use. This study examined conformity to both masculine and feminine norms, and how conformity to distinct norms influenced heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems among a sample of underage college women (N= 645). Results demonstrated that the masculine norms risk-taking and emotional control were associated with increased HED, while the masculine norm power over women was associated with a decrease in HED. Traditional feminine norms, including modesty and sexual fidelity, were associated with a decrease in HED and alcohol-related problems. The feminine norm relational was associated with increased HED, while the norms thinness and appearance were associated with increased alcohol-related problems. The study's theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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“…A British study [37] with female athletes (that acts as a mirror case to that presented in this study) indicates that professional practice or choice may contribute to the design of a profile expressing higher or lower conformity to gender norms, depending on whether the profession or activity is considered to be socially more masculine or feminine.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 84%

Conformity to Traditional Gender Norms in a Feminized Occupation: The Influence on Health Behaviors

Sánchez-López¹,

Saavedra²,

Gras³

2014

Health

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The object of this study is to examine the relationships between conformity to traditional gender norms and health in a special group of the Spanish population, male/female nurses. Nursing is a particularly good example of feminized occupation. Spanish male (n = 98) and female (n = 98) nurses matched in diverse sociodemographic variables complete measures of gender norms and health behavior variables. Measures of conformity to gender norms in female and male nurses are compared with those of the general population. The analysis of the inter-gender relationships and health highlights a clearly masculine pattern for men and a clearly feminine one for women. A detailed analysis of the scores in each of the scales reveals a pattern of illness in male nurses that is still masculine despite their lower conformity, as a group, to masculine norms, and a clearly feminine illness pattern in female nurses. The consideration of gender from a multidimensional perspective (the different factors that make up Masculinity and Femininity, as assessed in this work) has allowed us to study the relations between gender norms and health in more detail. Limitations and implications are discussed.

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Conformity to gender norms among female student-athletes: Implications for body image.

Cited by 61 publications

References 54 publications

Gender roles and acculturation: Relationships with cancer screening among Vietnamese American women.

Gender roles and acculturation: Relationships with cancer screening among Vietnamese American women.

The role of feminine and masculine norms in college women’s alcohol use.

Conformity to Traditional Gender Norms in a Feminized Occupation: The Influence on Health Behaviors

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