Conformity to Traditional Gender Norms in a Feminized Occupation: The Influence on Health Behaviors

Sánchez-López, María del Pilar; Saavedra, Ana Isabel; Gras, Rosa María Limiñana

doi:10.4236/health.2014.620317

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…11 A study conducted in Spain showed that female nurses (n = 98) working in public hospitals reported higher levels of perceived stress and higher levels of plasma-extracted cortisol than male nurses (n = 98). 12 Finally, a 1-year German longitudinal study involving 70 physicians (mean age 30 years, 40 women) suggested that longer shift hours were associated with changes in the diurnal cortisol pattern. 13 Studies of stress among female healthcare professionals that measure levels of cortisol are scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

<p>Salivary Cortisol, Subjective Stress and Quality of Sleep Among Female Healthcare Professionals</p>

Bani‐Issa¹,

Radwan²,

Al-Marzooq³

et al. 2020

JMDH

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Background: Stress is globally recognised as a risk factor impacting workers' health and workplace safety. Women healthcare professionals are at risk for considerable stress given the demanding nature of their jobs and current working conditions. This study assessed levels of stress among women healthcare professionals using measures of their cortisol levels, subjective stress and quality of sleep. Participants and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 335 apparently healthy adult women healthcare professionals working in the United Arab Emirates. Participants provided morning and bedtime saliva samples for analysis of their cortisol levels. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Symptoms Scale, Brief Coping Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess perceived stress level, symptoms of stress, stress-coping strategies and sleep quality, respectively. Results: In total, 121 (36.15%) women had impaired morning cortisol levels (below the normal range of 0.094-1.551 µg/dL) and 48 (14.3%) had impaired bedtime cortisol levels (above 0.359 µg/dL). Around 57% of women reported moderate levels of perceived stress, with the most frequently reported stress symptoms being heart rate and back/neck pain. Poor sleep quality was reported by around 60% of participating women. No significant association was found between cortisol and psychosocial measurements of stress or sleep quality. However, night shift and longer shift duration (more than 8 hrs) were significantly associated with impaired morning and bedtime cortisol levels (P ≥ 0.05). Impaired cortisol levels were strongly dependent on using adaptive coping strategies such as active coping, acceptance and seeking emotional support (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Evaluating cortisol levels and subjective stress could help to identify groups with impaired response to stress and elevated cortisol levels. Our findings support the need to examine shift work patterns and stress coping strategies in women healthcare professionals to promote their health and productivity and maintain workplace safety.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Salivary Cortisol, Subjective Stress and Quality of Sleep Among Female Healthcare Professionals</p>

Bani‐Issa¹,

Radwan²,

Al-Marzooq³

et al. 2020

JMDH

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“…This study has the following limitations: ESS data is based on self-reported measures and, although most of the information is correct, there may be mistakes and false reported information, namely regarding income; there is also the possibility of some bias resulting from refusal to participate in some social groups in different countries (Alam et al 2005;Demarest et al 2013;Stoop 2005); finally, some variables, namely, "subjective general health", in ESS, adopted a five-point scale, which is easier from the respondent's point of view, but gives the researcher fewer opportunities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Human Value Priorities and Associations with Subjective Well-Being, Subjective General Health, Social Life, and Depression across Europe

et al. 2021

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Human values are a central component in understanding individuals’ choices. Using the Schwartz’s Values instrument, this study aimed to identify patterns of human value priorities of 35,936 participants across 20 European countries and analyse their relations with subjective well-being (SWB), subjective general health (SGH), social life, and depression indices in Europe. A hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the seventh European Social Survey (ESS) round 7, based on the higher order dimensions of the Schwartz values model, allowed identifying four European groups with distinct indicators. Indices of SWB, SGH, social life, and depression showed statistically significant differences among the four different sociodemographic groups. The graphical representation of the monotonic correlations of each of these indices with the value priorities attributed to the ten basic human values was ordered according to the Schwartz circumplex model, yielding quasi-sinusoidal patterns. The differences among the four groups can be explained by their distinct sociodemographic characteristics: social focus, growth focus, strong social focus, and weak growth focus. The results of this study suggest a rehabilitation of the notion of hedonism, raising the distinction between higher and lower pleasures, with the former contributing more to well-being than the latter.

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“…asymmetric distribution of household, children and familial care), along with those stemming from the nursing profession (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the present work, our aim is to confirm that male and female nurses have worse mental health than the general Spanish population (13,14). The second point is to verify whether mental health, as measured by means of the 12-item GHQ-12, is worse among female nurses than male ones.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Are More at Risk of Poor Mental Health: Mental Health of Spanish Nurses Measured by the GHQ-12

Sánchez-López

Roman

Garcia-Quintans

et al. 2016

Women's Health Bull

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Background: Mental health is one of the principal indicators of people's quality of life. One of the professions most commonly associated with mental health problems is nursing. Objectives: We analyzed mental health in a group of female and male nurses from a hospital in Madrid (Spain) to evaluate whether differences exist between the groups. Furthermore, there is an analysis regarding whether the variables affecting mental health in female nurses are different from those affecting male nurses. Patients and Methods:The research is non-experimental, observational, with a cross sectional and descriptive analysis. The GHQ-12 instrument was chosen for the analysis of mental health in male and female nurses. The GHQ-12 has been validated in the Spanish population. Results: Male and female professional nurses scored worse in mental health than the population as a whole. Female nurses had worse scores than male nurses. Mental health in male nurses is related to age, self-perceived health, stress at work, and job satisfaction. The variables related to mental health in female nurses are stress at work and rest/sleep. Conclusions: The variables explaining the state of mental health in female and male nurses are different. The only variable in both regression equations is stress at work, and even then it has different magnitudes for male and female nurses. An awareness of possible quantitative and qualitative differences in the mental health of male and female nurses will contribute to the optimal design of more efficient, evidence-based treatments geared to improving the health of these professionals.

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Conformity to Traditional Gender Norms in a Feminized Occupation: The Influence on Health Behaviors

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

<p>Salivary Cortisol, Subjective Stress and Quality of Sleep Among Female Healthcare Professionals</p>

<p>Salivary Cortisol, Subjective Stress and Quality of Sleep Among Female Healthcare Professionals</p>

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Human Value Priorities and Associations with Subjective Well-Being, Subjective General Health, Social Life, and Depression across Europe

Women Are More at Risk of Poor Mental Health: Mental Health of Spanish Nurses Measured by the GHQ-12

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