“…TFE has been characterized as a structure-enhancing cosolvent. TFE has been shown to stabilize a variety of structures in peptides including /3-sheet (Goodman et al, 1971;Mutter & Altmann, 1985;Maser et al, 1984), /3-tum (Cann et al, 1987;Greff et al, 1976;Siligardi et al, 1987;Blanco et al, 1994), and -helix (Nelson & Kallenbach, 1989;Lu et al, 1984;Lehrman et al, 1990;Segawa et al, 1991;Marion et al, 1988;Jiméniz et al, 1987;Reutimann et al, 1981). The dielectric constant of TFE is approximately one-third that of water, and it was proposed that the net effect of TFE would be to strengthen the interactions between charged groups (Llinás & Klein, 1975;Nelson & Kallenbach, 1986).…”