Confocal image features of hypopigmented verruca plana on children's forehead

In vivo evaluation of facial papule dermatoses with reflectance confocal microscopy in children

“…In 2008, González 3 reported the presence of multiple highly refractile round structures within VP lesions. Liu 4 further reported the main characteristics of VP and named the round structures petal‐like structures, and experts 5 , 6 , 7 reached a consensus that the uniform distribution of the highly refractive petal‐like structures is the main feature of VP. SK consists of ubiquitous, generally benign skin tumors that exhibit high clinical variability.…”

Features of hypopigmented verruca plana in reflectance confocal microscopy and comparative analysis of hypopigmented and classic verruca plana in children

“…In contrast to classic VP, hypopigmented VP is characterized by white maculopapules that sometimes show Koebner's phenomenon, mostly occurs on children's foreheads and other exposed areas, and is rarely seen in adults. However, as there have been few studies on this issue 1 and biopsy (which is invasive and associated with injuries, pain, and scars) is not always possible for outpatients, especially pediatric patients, dermatologists frequently cannot diagnose it based on their own experience. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a powerful, noninvasive, repetitive imaging tool that provides real-time images at a nearly cellular histological resolution.…”

Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of confocal image features used in detection of hypopigmented verruca plana on children's forehead and classic verruca plana in adult

“…Although the typical reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of classic VP carried out by Liu and Hui are concentric circle structure, 1 , 2 which is like a cluster of roses, there have been few studies on RCM findings of hypopigmented VP. In the study of Gu and Chen, 3 , 4 they found hypopigmented VP showing large polygonal cells in the upper spinous layers or granular layers, which were three–five times as large as normal keratinocytes. Studies have confirmed that the confocal image features of large polygonal cells and concentric circle‐like structures with certain diagnostic value for VP 3 ; however, to date, existing knowledge has not systematically evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of confocal image feature in detection of hypopigmented and classic VP.…”

“…In the study of Gu and Chen, 3 , 4 they found hypopigmented VP showing large polygonal cells in the upper spinous layers or granular layers, which were three–five times as large as normal keratinocytes. Studies have confirmed that the confocal image features of large polygonal cells and concentric circle‐like structures with certain diagnostic value for VP 3 ; however, to date, existing knowledge has not systematically evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of confocal image feature in detection of hypopigmented and classic VP. We conducted assessment of diagnostic accuracy of confocal image features used in detection of hypopigmented VP on children's forehead and classic VP in adult.…”

“…Although the typical reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of classic VP carried out by Liu and Hui are concentric circle structure, 1,2 which is like a cluster of roses, there have been few studies on RCM findings of hypopigmented VP. In the study of Gu and Chen, 3,4…”