Features of hypopigmented verruca plana in reflectance confocal microscopy and comparative analysis of hypopigmented and classic verruca plana in children

In vivo evaluation of vulvar lichen sclerosus with reflectance confocal microscopy and therapeutic monitoring in children

“…RCM is a real-time, repeatable, adju-vant diagnostic tool with a resolution comparable to histopathology. 2,3 Recent reports have described the RCM features of lichen sclerosus in adults; 9,10,11 however, there have been few studies on the diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and follow-up of VLS by RCM in children. 12 We sought to clarify the main identifying characteristics of VLS by evaluating the epidermis, the dermo-epidermal junction and the dermis with RCM and found a high corresponding relationship between the RCM images and histopathological features (Table 2).…”

“…Pediatric patients are a special group in whom invasive procedures such as biopsies are not always possible. RCM is a real‐time, repeatable, adjuvant diagnostic tool with a resolution comparable to histopathology 2,3 . Recent reports have described the RCM features of lichen sclerosus in adults; 9,10,11 however, there have been few studies on the diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and follow‐up of VLS by RCM in children 12…”

“…VLS is associated with genital squamous cell carcinoma, necessitating early diagnosis, timely treatment and long‐term follow‐up 1 . Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can noninvasively observe changes in skin cell levels, which are highly consistent with histopathology 2,3 . In this study, preliminarily described the use of RCM for evaluating the characteristic features and conducting therapeutic monitoring of VLS in children.…”

Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of confocal image features used in detection of hypopigmented verruca plana on children's forehead and classic verruca plana in adult

“…Although the typical reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of classic VP carried out by Liu and Hui are concentric circle structure, 1 , 2 which is like a cluster of roses, there have been few studies on RCM findings of hypopigmented VP. In the study of Gu and Chen, 3 , 4 they found hypopigmented VP showing large polygonal cells in the upper spinous layers or granular layers, which were three–five times as large as normal keratinocytes. Studies have confirmed that the confocal image features of large polygonal cells and concentric circle‐like structures with certain diagnostic value for VP 3 ; however, to date, existing knowledge has not systematically evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of confocal image feature in detection of hypopigmented and classic VP.…”

“…Although the typical reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of classic VP carried out by Liu and Hui are concentric circle structure, 1,2 which is like a cluster of roses, there have been few studies on RCM findings of hypopigmented VP. In the study of Gu and Chen, 3,4…”