Conflict Management by International Organizations, 1945-1970

Haas, Ernst B.; Butterworth, Robert Lyle; Nye, Joseph S.

doi:10.3886/icpsr05303

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Diehl, Reifschneider, and Hensel 1996and Haas 1986 analyze the effect of UN missions on conflict recurrence, with a focus on interstate conflicts of varying intensity. A classic piece on interstate conflict is by Haas, Butterworth, and Nye (1972), who argue that the UN works best when elaborate (e.g., multidimensional) peace operations are used. support peace or war and we explain how best to use UN peace operations to prevent civil wars from recurring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis

2000

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International peacebuilding can improve the prospects that a civil war will be resolved. Although peacebuilding strategies must be designed to address particular conflicts, broad parameters that fit most conflicts can be identified. Strategies should address the local roots of hostility, the local capacities for change, and the (net) specific degree of international commitment available to assist sustainable peace. One can conceive of these as the three dimensions of a triangle whose area is the “political space”—or effective capacity—for building peace. We test these propositions with an extensive data set of 124 post–World War II civil wars and find that multilateral, United Nations peace operations make a positive difference. UN peacekeeping is positively correlated with democratization processes after civil war, and multilateral enforcement operations are usually successful in ending the violence. Our study provides broad guidelines for designing the appropriate peacebuilding strategy, given the mix of hostility, local capacities, and international capacities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis

2000

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“…The initial work was done by Haas (1967), who focused specifically on the efforts of international organizations to control conflict through mediation and other active measures, such as collective security. This work was later extended by Nye (1968) and Butterworth (Haas, Butterworth, and Nye 1972;Butterworth and Scranton 1976); the Butterworth studies also included mediation efforts by individual nation-states and organizations not set up for collective security.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Event Data Analysis of Third-Party Mediation in the Middle East and Balkans

Schrodt

Gerner

2004

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Event data on the Israel-Lebanon and Israel-Palestinian conflicts in the Levant (1979Levant ( -1999 and the Serbia-Croatia and Serbia-Bosnia conflicts in the Balkans (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999) are used to test two sets of processrelated hypotheses embedded in the theoretical and qualitative literatures on mediation. Cross-correlation analysis is used to examine the time delay in the effects of mediation on the level of violence over time. Results show that these effects vary somewhat, depending on the conflict, and differ substantially, depending on who is conducting the mediation. Whether conflict reduction is most effectively achieved with sanctions or rewards is tested. Results show that a reduction in violence is generally associated with mediation combined with conflictual action directed toward both of the antagonists and combined with cooperative action directed to the weaker antagonist.This study uses statistical time-series analyses of political event data to examine the dynamics of third-party international mediation on the Israel-Lebanon and IsraelPalestinian conflicts in the Levant and the Serbia-Bosnia and Serbia-Croatia conflicts in the Balkans. Event data-nominal or ordinal codes that record the interactions between international actors as reported in the open press-provide a rich set of indicators about the results of mediation, the political circumstances of the mediation (e.g., prior military success or failure by the protagonists), and the various strategies employed by the mediating parties.Our analysis shifts from the generally structural focus of quantitative mediation literature to an emphasis on the dynamics of the mediation process. We first introduce results of cross-correlation analyses, which we undertake to identify the lag structure between mediation and levels of conflict-cooperation between antagonists. We then present a time series analysis that directly tests the "sticks-or-carrots" model: is media-

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“…Conflicts are drawn from an evolving list of post-World War II interstate political and security disputes that for two decades has served as a principal source for systematic studies of international conflict management. Conflict situations represented in the data base were originally identified by Haas (1968) and expanded by Haas, Butterworth, and Nye (1972) for their pioneering studies of international organization management practices. Coded attributes of the disputes and a collection of synopses for a modified set of 247 conflicts updated through 1974 were published by Butterworth and Scranton (1976).…”

Section: Conflicts and Conflict Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Democracy and the Peaceful Settlement of International Conflict

1994

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The research reported here develops an explanation for the often-noted absence of international war between democratic states. This explanation is derived from a theoretical rationale centered on universal democratic norms for reconciling competing values and interests. I argue that democratic states locked in disputes are better equipped than others with the means for diffusing conflict situations at an early stage before they have an opportunity to escalate to military violence. Not only is this explanatory logic consistent with the published findings on democracy and war, but it also entails the novel empirical proposition that disputes between democracies are more amenable than are other disputes to peaceful settlements, the hypothesis I examine here. Analyses of contemporary interstate disputes reveal that even when potentially confounding factors are controlled, democratic opponents are significantly more likely to reach peaceful settlements than other types of disputants.

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Conflict Management by International Organizations, 1945-1970

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis

International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis

An Event Data Analysis of Third-Party Mediation in the Middle East and Balkans

Democracy and the Peaceful Settlement of International Conflict

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