Confirmed Abuse Cases in Public Residential Facilities for Persons With Mental Retardation: A Multi-State Study

McCartney, John; Campbell, Vincent A.

doi:10.1352/0047-6765(1998)036<0465:cacipr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Literature on institutional abuse frequently includes groups of people that are in need of care like those within a psychiatric institution [29] or within institutional care for the elderly [30]. It is commonly characterized “by the systemic destruction of a person’s self-esteem through psychologically abusive tactics” [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"I prefer dying fast than dying slowly", how institutional abuse worsens the mental health of stranded Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants on Lesbos island following the implementation of EU-Turkey deal

Eleftherakos¹,

Boogaard

Barry³

et al. 2018

Confl Health

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BackgroundIn 2015 and early 2016, close to 1 million migrants transited through Greece, on their way to Western Europe. In early 2016, the closure of the “Balkan-route” and the EU/Turkey-deal led to a drastic reduction in the flow of migrants arriving to the Greek islands. The islands became open detention centers, where people would spend months or years under the constant fear of being returned to Turkey.Syrians were generally granted refugee status in Greece and those arrived before the 20th of March 2016 had the option of being relocated to other European countries. Afghans had some chances of being granted asylum in Greece, whilst most migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo were refused asylum.In a clinic run by Médecins sans Frontières on Lesbos Island, psychologists observed a deterioration of the migrant’s mental health (MH) since March 2016. In order to understand the MH needs for this stranded population it was essential to explore how, and by what factors, their mental health (MH) has been affected on Lesbos Island due to the EU/Turkey-deal.MethodsThis was a qualitative study in which eight service providers’ interviews and 12 focus group discussions with male and female Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants in two refugee camps on Lesbos Island. Thematic-content analysis was manually applied and triangulation of findings was undertaken to enhance the interpretation of data.ResultsThree main themes were generated: 1) Institutional abuse, 2) Continuous traumatic stress (CTS) and 3) MH service provision. Institutional abuse was expressed by inhumane living conditions, lack of information in order to make future decisions, humiliation and depersonalization. This led to CTS that was expressed through being in a state of permanent emergency under lack of protective measures. Delays in appointments, lack of psychiatric care and differences in MH perceptions amongst migrants highlighted the provision of MH services.ConclusionThe EU/Turkey-deal reduced migrant flows at a very high price. Decongestion of the camps and the elimination of institutional abuse is urgently needed to reduce CTS and improve migrants’ MH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"I prefer dying fast than dying slowly", how institutional abuse worsens the mental health of stranded Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants on Lesbos island following the implementation of EU-Turkey deal

Eleftherakos¹,

Boogaard

Barry³

et al. 2018

Confl Health

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“…While these studies do not enable estimates of the proportion of people with ID who experience maltreatment, they provide valuable information regarding the strength of the association between disability and maltreatment. Other studies [Doren et al, 1996;McCartney and Campbell, 1998] have examined individual and environmental predictors of maltreatment, thereby elucidating points at which interventions are most critical. Still others [Lumley et al, 1998;Miltenberger et al, 1999;Khemka and Hickson, 2000;Khemka et al, 2005] have focused on evaluating prevention efforts.…”

Section: Reflections and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: A review of recently published research

Horner‐Johnson

Drum

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

195

107

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Maltreatment can have a profound adverse effect on the health of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). People with ID may also be more likely to experience maltreatment than other groups. Historically, data on prevalence of maltreatment among people with ID have been sparse and methodologically weak but have suggested that the scope of the problem is considerable. Studies published between 1995 and 2005 were reviewed to determine estimated maltreatment prevalence among people with ID based on recent literature. Prevalence estimates for people with ID were compared to estimates for people with no disabilities and people with other types of disabilities. Only five studies provided maltreatment prevalence estimates for people with ID. The limited data suggest that maltreatment is more prevalent for people with ID than for people with no disabilities and may be higher for people with ID than for people with certain other disabilities. Most of the available research is still based on convenience samples. More population-level data are needed to provide reliable estimates of the prevalence of this important health problem. Key Words: maltreatment; prevalence; intellectual disability (mental retardation) M altreatment has been identified as a significant health issue for people with intellectual and other disabilities [Sobsey, 1994;Curry et al., 2001;USDHHS 2002]. Among the general population, exposure to maltreatment has been shown to produce a range of sequelae, including physical trauma, compromised psychological health, or death [Tjaden and Thoennes, 2000;Ireland, 2002]. In addition to these consequences, people with disabilities may develop secondary disabilities and/or suffer loss of independence [Mitchell and Buchele-Ash, 2000;Swedlund and Nosek, 2000]. For example, a person with an intellectual disability may develop emotional problems as a result of psychological maltreatment or develop a secondary mobility disability as a result of physical abuse.Unfortunately, while maltreatment in the general population has been recognized as a national priority with large-scale efforts to measure the prevalence of maltreatment and violence (e.g., National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS); National Violence Against Women Survey), little attention has been devoted to collecting comprehensive data on maltreatment of people with disabilities. Although the most recent report based on NCANDS data included disability as a demographic category, the data are acknowledged to be underestimates [USDHHS, 2005]. The data that are provided are for children with disabilities in general, with no information about specific types of disabilities.A number of authors [Jaudes and Diamond, 1985;Ammerman and Baladerian, 1993;Sobsey, 1994] have reported that individuals with disabilities are more likely to be maltreated than individuals without disabilities. Moreover, it has been asserted that individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at especially high risk [Levy and Packman, 2004]. One oft-cited study [Cross et a...

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“…Other research has focused on abuse in particular situations – for example, Baker & Allen (2001) consider what is needed to prevent physical abuse associated with the use of physical interventions for people with challenging behaviour. McCartney & Campbell (1998) analysed the 494 confirmed cases of neglect and abuse in public residential facilities for people with intellectual disabilities across six US states and across a 22‐month period. They found that neglect was the most common type of abuse, followed by physical aggression (together accounting for over 80% of all cases).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Protection of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Incidence, Nature and Responses

Mansell

Cambridge

Milne

et al. 2010

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background There has been increasing recognition of the importance and extent of abuse of vulnerable adults, including people with intellectual disabilities, leading to the development of monitoring systems. This paper reports findings from one of the largest databases in the UK collected between 1998 and 2005. Method Analysis of the 1926 referrals relating to people with intellectual disabilities included description of the nature of abuse and the responses to the referrals, comparisons to those relating to other client groups and comparisons between those placed locally and those placed out‐of‐area. Results About one‐third of all adult protection referrals related to people with intellectual disability, remaining consistent over time. However, the number of referrals increased significantly. The majority of people lived in residential care or supported living and this was reflected in the nature of the referrals – people were more likely to have been abused in the care home and by staff or service users than those without an intellectual disability. The most common type of abuse was physical abuse. Sexual abuse was more prevalent in the intellectual disability sample than in other client groups. People with intellectual disability were more likely to have experienced follow‐up action, usually through more monitoring. There was a different pattern of abuse seen in those placed out‐of‐area. Conclusions The overall pattern of abuse is similar to that reported in earlier studies. There is some indication that residential situation and in particular being placed in a residential placement out‐of‐area, may be an important factor in predicting adult protection referrals.

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Confirmed Abuse Cases in Public Residential Facilities for Persons With Mental Retardation: A Multi-State Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

"I prefer dying fast than dying slowly", how institutional abuse worsens the mental health of stranded Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants on Lesbos island following the implementation of EU-Turkey deal

"I prefer dying fast than dying slowly", how institutional abuse worsens the mental health of stranded Syrian, Afghan and Congolese migrants on Lesbos island following the implementation of EU-Turkey deal

Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: A review of recently published research

Adult Protection of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Incidence, Nature and Responses

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