Confirmatory factor analysis of the wechsler memory scale-revised in a sample of head-injured patients

Abstract

As part of a standard evaluation of neuropsychological sequelae, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) was administered to 107 patients with a history of traumatic brain injury. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the 12 subtests of the WMS-R to examine the fit of various hypothesized factor patterns, including patterns identified in previous exploratory factor analytic studies. Because part of the correlation between immediate and delayed recall trials of the same material is attributable to a common measurement procedure, this correlation due to measurement commonality was partialled out of the conceptual factor structure. The results suggested the presence of 3 distinct but highly correlated factors: attention/concentration, immediate memory, and delayed recall. Models that posited separate verbal and nonverbal memory processes failed to improve fit over more parsimonious models. Comparisons with previous factor analytic studies and implications for clinical assessment are discussed.

Performance on the California Verbal Learning Test After Traumatic Brain Injury

“…Model 3 was a three-factor model hypothesizing the existence of Immediate Recall, Delayed Recall, and Inaccurate Recall. This was in line with previous research with other memory tests that had suggested the presence of separate immediate and delayed recall factors in clinical samples (Roth, Conboy, Reeder, & Boll, 1990;Woodard, 1993). Model 4 tested the hypothesis that repetition of information after only one presentation would be better classified as measuring attention, and could be differentiated from consolidated memory for information, similar to what has been found in the standardization samples of other memory tests (Burton, Mittenberg, & Burton, 1993).…”

Theoretically derived CVLT subtypes in HIV-1 infection: Internal and external validation

“…The existence of a delayed memory factor (separate from immediate recall) has also been reported by other investigators using different memory tests (Roth et al, 1990;Wiegner & Donders, 1999;Woodard, 1993). However, one recent study did not find support for a separate delayed recall construct using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (Millis et al, 1999).…”

“…This construct appears to reflect immediate registration or attentional capacity for information presented only once (Donders, 1999). Previous investigations have also identified constructs of attention and concentration as important components of memory functioning using clinical (Burton et al, 1999;Roth et al, 1990;Woodard, 1993) and standardized samples (Burton et al, 1993;Donders, 1999). Learning Efficiency was the second construct identified in the four-factor model.…”

Factorial Invariance for Combined Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Scores in a Sample of Clients With Alcohol Dependency*

“…Speci®cally, we were interested to test the competing models of anterograde memory formation which have distinguished between immediate and delayed memory on one hand, and auditory-verbal and visuo-spatial memory on the other hand. Measurement common- ality in WMS-R subtests was modelled in the error variance-covariance matrix for all models tested and, like others, we found that this partialling of method variance led to signi®cant improvement in model ®t, for all models examined (see Jurden et al, 1996;Psychological Corporation, 1997;Roth, Conboy, Reeder, & Boll, 1990). The alternative ®rst-order models examined are summarised in Table 2 and include a four-factor model which distinguished Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Attention-Concentration, from Memory in general (Model 4).…”