Factorial Invariance for Combined Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Scores in a Sample of Clients With Alcohol Dependency*

Bowden, Stephen C.; Ritter, Alison; Carstairs, Jane R.; Shores, E. Arthur; Pead, John; Greeley, Janet; Whelan, Gregory; Long, Caroline; Clifford, Christine

doi:10.1076/clin.15.1.69.1910

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the absence of data derived from a representative community sample, examination of metric invariance would be difficult to interpret in terms of general implications for construct validity. We are not aware of any other reports of measurement invariance of the combined Wechsler scales in any edition, with the exception of our recent study including a sample of patients with alcohol dependence (Bowden et al, 2001). However, in this latter study, we did not examine invariance of the full measurement model, only the covariance structure (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Measurement invariance of core cognitive abilities in heterogeneous neurological and community samples

et al. 2004

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Confirmatory factor analysis of Australian adaptations of combined Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised (WAIS-R) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) scores was conducted in a sample of 277 participants undergoing investigation for neurological disorders. The best-fitting model was a six-factor model representing the latent abilities of Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Working Memory, Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, and Processing Speed. Invariance of the measurement model was then examined in the mean and covariance structure with data from a recent Australian normative study of the WAIS-R and WMS-R. [Carstairs, J.R. & Shores, E.A. Aust Psychol 35 (2000) 36-40]. Results suggest that the measurement model underlying test scores displayed ''strong'' metric invariance

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Measurement invariance of core cognitive abilities in heterogeneous neurological and community samples

et al. 2004

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“…To measure verbal and nonverbal episodic memory, composite scores were calculated which combined immediate and delayed indices from the Wechsler Memory Scales (Wechsler, 1987(Wechsler, , 1997. These composite scores were derived from a previously validated latent-trait model of cognitive abilities reported by our group and based on large community control and clinical samples (Bowden et al, 1999(Bowden et al, , 2001). In addition, specific verbal and nonverbal memory tests were examined, namely the Logical Memory subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scales, and the Spatial Maze, which are amongst the most reliable and best-validated measures of auditory-verbal and visuospatial anterograde memory function, respectively (Wechsler, 1981;Bowden and Smith, 1994;Wechsler, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Verbal Memory Index composite score was the sum of WMS-R immediate and delayed verbal subtest scores (Bowden et al, 1999(Bowden et al, , 2001 or the equivalent sum of WMS-III immediate and delayed verbal subtests. The WMS-III scores were rescaled to the same mean and standard deviation as the WMS-R scores, in a manner directly analogous to the computation of z-scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological correlates of hippocampal and rhinal cortex volumes in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis

et al. 2003

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Considerable progress has been made toward understanding the function of the primate rhinal cortex, comprising the entorhinal (ErC) and perirhinal (PrC) cortices. However, translating animal models to human memory has been limited by the technological problems associated with characterizing neural structures in vivo. Functional correlates of hippocampal and rhinal cortex volume changes were examined in a sample of 61 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS; 33 left, 28 right). Patients were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (revised or third edition), the Wechsler Memory Scale (revised or third edition), and a spatial maze task. Neuropsychological data, together with rhinal cortex and hippocampal volumes, collected in our earlier study (O'Brien CE, Bowden SC, Whelan G, Cook MJ, unpublished observations), were analyzed using multiple regression. The only significant predictor of verbal memory function was the difference score between the volume of left hippocampus and the left PrC. Spatial maze scores were predicted by the bilateral sum of ErC volume. The difference score between the left hippocampus and left PrC volumes was the most powerful predictor of verbal episodic memory. Right hippocampal volume was not a significant predictor of nonverbal episodic memory. Verbal and nonverbal semantic memory were not significantly predicted by any combination of rhinal cortex structures. This quantitative study suggests a lateralized or material-specific memory function for the left hippocampus and left PrC, in contrast to the bilateral role of the ErC. The left hippocampus and left PrC appear to act on verbal memory function through an opposing relationship. Finally, differentiation between hippocampal and subhippocampal components in terms of episodic and semantic memory, respectively, could not be supported by the current data.

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“…First, Bowden noted that, in a past study, he and his colleagues conducted a factor analytic study using "a large, diagnostically homogenous group of alcohol dependent patients," and they nevertheless found support "that a distinction between immediate and delayed memory was not necessary" (see Bowden et al, 2001). One question we have about their study, however, concerns whether their sample of alcohol dependent patients was actually homogeneous.…”

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confidence: 92%

How do neuropsychologists define cognitive constructs? Further thoughts on limitations of factor analysis used with normal or mixed clinical populations

Jacobson

Delis

Hamilton

et al. 2004

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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In a recent study, we empirically demonstrated limitations in traditional ways that psychologists have used factor analysis to define cognitive constructs (Delis et al., 2003). Our criticism of factor analysis was not directed at this statistical method per se, but rather at how it has often been employed by psychologists to test cognitive constructs. Specifically, we pointed out shortcomings in using this techniquewith normal or mixed clinical populations. We argued that the factor-analytic studies of memory tests with normal or mixed clinical populations often yielded solutions in which measures of immediate and delayed memory loaded on the same factor. This particular use of factor analysis can mask important distinctions between critical cognitive functions that have been demonstrated using other research methods, such as experimental manipulations or case studies. We then conducted a factor-analytic study that empirically demonstrated that, whereas immediate and delayed memory measures load on the same factor when using normal or mixed clinical samples, these measures load onseparatefactors when using a homogenous population of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We drew the conclusion that factor analytic techniques can still be used asonemethod for exploring conceptual relationships, but only if these methods are used as part of a systematic, programmatic exploration involving separate confirmatory factor analyses using multiple homogenous patient populations. In the first published reply to our study, Larrabee (2003) pointed out other limitations, stating that application of factor-analytic techniques to a single test that yields multiple measures may result in global, simplistic solutions due to method variance, which is the tendency of different variables from the same test to correlate significantly.

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Factorial Invariance for Combined Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Scores in a Sample of Clients With Alcohol Dependency*

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Measurement invariance of core cognitive abilities in heterogeneous neurological and community samples

Measurement invariance of core cognitive abilities in heterogeneous neurological and community samples

Neuropsychological correlates of hippocampal and rhinal cortex volumes in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis

How do neuropsychologists define cognitive constructs? Further thoughts on limitations of factor analysis used with normal or mixed clinical populations

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