Confirmatory Analysis of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Milk and Infant Formula Using UHPLC–MS/MS

Abafe, Ovokeroye A.; Macheka, Linda R.; Olowoyo, Joshua O.

doi:10.3390/molecules26123664

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The assessment of EDCs in different human biological samples is performed by targeted approaches using both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (MS)-based methods [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Characteristics of the main analytical techniques used for EDCs detection are summarized in Table 2 .…”

Section: Edcs Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?

Predieri

Bernasconi

Street

2022

IJMS

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Thousands of natural or manufactured chemicals were defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) because they can interfere with hormone activity and the endocrine system. We summarize and discuss what we know and what we still need to learn about EDCs’ pathogenic mechanisms of action, as well as the effects of the most common EDCs on endocrine system health in childhood. The MEDLINE database (PubMed) was searched on 13 May 2022, filtering for EDCs, endocrine diseases, and children. EDCs are a group of compounds with high heterogeneity, but usually disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking or interfering with natural hormones or interfering with the body’s hormonal balance through other mechanisms. Individual EDCs were studied in detail, while humans’ “cocktail effect” is still unclear. In utero, early postnatal life, and/or pubertal development are highly susceptible periods to exposure. Human epidemiological studies suggest that EDCs affect prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism, obesity, puberty, and fertility through several mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify which EDCs can mainly act on epigenetic processes. A better understanding of EDCs’ effects on human health is crucial to developing future regulatory strategies to prevent exposure and ensure the health of children today, in future generations, and in the environment.

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Section: Edcs Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?

Predieri

Bernasconi

Street

2022

IJMS

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“…LC-MS and GC-MS are the most common techniques adopted for the qualitative and quantitative determination of PFASs in complex matrices [37,38]. In addition, for sample cleanup and extraction and best analysis of PFASs, a wide variety of approaches (e.g., liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), alkaline digestion) are necessary [39,40]. Finally, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) was developed to enhance the efficiency of extraction and reduce the cost and time of analysis, ensuring the enrichment of analytes in the sample and the remotion of the interferences, which could compromise the analysis [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There’s Something in What We Eat: An Overview on the Extraction Techniques and Chromatographic Analysis for PFAS Identification in Agri-Food Products

Iannone,

Carriera,

Passarella

et al. 2024

Foods

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Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of anthropogenic chemicals used in a range of industrial processes and consumer products. Recently, their ubiquitous presence in the environment as well as their toxicological effects in humans have gained relevant attention. Although the occurrence of PFASs is widely investigated in scientific community, the standardization of analytical method for all matrices still remains an important issue. In this review, we discussed extraction and detection methods in depth to evaluate the best procedures of PFAS identification in terms of analytical parameters (e.g., limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), recoveries). Extraction approaches based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), alkaline digestion, and solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are the main analytical methods applied in the literature. The results showed detectable recoveries of PFOA and PFOS in meat, milk, vegetables, eggs products (90.6–101.2% and of 89.2–98.4%), and fish (96–108%). Furthermore, the low LOD and LOQ values obtained for meat (0.00592–0.01907 ng g−1; 0.050 ng g−1), milk (0.003–0.009 ng g−1; 0.010–0.027 ng g−1), fruit (0.002–0.009 ng g−1; 0.006–0.024 ng g−1), and fish (0.00369–0.017.33 ng g−1; 0.05 ng g−1) also confirmed the effectiveness of the recent quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) for simple, speedy, and sensitive ultra-trace PFAS analysis.

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“…Conventional measurement of EDCs has been primarily performed using liquid or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC- or GC-MS) in a variety of matrices such as water, breast milk, urine, serum, food, and soil ( Metcalfe et al, 2022 ). PFAS and phthalates have most commonly been measured by LC-MS using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) ( Dima et al, 2020 ; Abafe et al, 2021 ) or high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) ( Charbonnet et al, 2022 ) In contrast, aromatic hydrocarbons have been primarily measured using GC-MS or GC-HRMS ( Wang et al, 2019 ; Zastrow et al, 2021 ) while BPA, insecticides, and pesticides have been analyzed using either LC-MS/MS or GC-MS ( Lee et al, 2017 ; Dima et al, 2020 ). Metal EDCs such as arsenic and lead have most often been tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ( Luo et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor technologies for the detection and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

Shah¹,

Ahmad

Boota³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of man-made substances with potential to disrupt the standard function of the endocrine system. These EDCs include phthalates, perchlorates, phenols, some heavy metals, furans, dimethoate, aromatic hydrocarbons, some pesticides, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). EDCs are widespread in the environment given their frequent use in daily life. Their production, usage, and consumption have increased many-fold in recent years. Their ability to interact and mimic normal endocrine functions makes them a potential threat to human health, aquatics, and wild life. Detection of these toxins has predominantly been done by mass spectroscopy and/or chromatography-based methods and to a lesser extent by advanced sensing approaches such as electrochemical and/or colorimetric methods. Instrument-based analytical techniques are often not amenable for onsite detection due to the lab-based nature of these detecting systems. Alternatively, analytical approaches based on sensor/biosensor techniques are more attractive because they are rapid, portable, equally sensitive, and eco-friendly. Advanced sensing systems have been adopted to detect a range of EDCs in the environment and food production systems. This review will focus on advances and developments in portable sensing techniques for EDCs, encompassing electrochemical, colorimetric, optical, aptamer-based, and microbial sensing approaches. We have also delineated the advantages and limitations of some of these sensing techniques and discussed future developments in sensor technology for the environmental sensing of EDCs.

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Confirmatory Analysis of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Milk and Infant Formula Using UHPLC–MS/MS

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?

There’s Something in What We Eat: An Overview on the Extraction Techniques and Chromatographic Analysis for PFAS Identification in Agri-Food Products

Sensor technologies for the detection and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

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