Confinement effect of graphene nanoplatelets on atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene: grafting through hydroxyl groups

Roghani‐Mamaqani, Hossein; Haddadi‐Asl, Vahid; Khezri, Khezrollah; Salami‐Kalajahi, Mehdi; Najafi, Mostafa; Sobani, Masoud; Mirshafiei-Langari, Seyyed-Ataollah

doi:10.1007/s13726-014-0299-7

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This results from oxygen‐containing functional groups of graphene as an impurity, which reduce the efficiency of ATRP catalyst. Additionally, termination of attached chains is more probable due to the higher concentration of active heads in surface of nanoplatelets . A similar trend is observed for attached chains by the addition of graft density.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

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Grafting polystyrene with various graft densities through epoxy groups of graphene nanolayers via atom transfer radical polymerization

Roghani‐Mamaqani

2015

Polymer Composites

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A double bond and amine group containing chemical (OD) was synthesized by coupling reaction of ethylenediamine and 3‐(chlorodimethylsilyl)propyl methacrylate. Subsequently, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with OD in different densities via ring opening of its epoxy groups. The graphene containing double bond (GOD) was incorporated into polystyrene (PS) chains by a grafting through atom transfer radical polymerization. Grafting of OD at the surface of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The interlayer spacing of the graphenes was evaluated by X‐ray diffraction. Molecular weight and PDI values of the free and attached PS chains were studied by size exclusion chromatography. TGA was also used to study the degradation points, char values, and grafting ratios. Relaxation of PS chains in the presence of graphene layers was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies show that flat graphene layers are wrinkled during oxidation and functionalization processes. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2450–2458, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Therefore, their molecular weights are lower than the free ones. In addition, PDI values of attached chains are higher than the free chains due to their higher termination probability . Molecular weights of attached chains are decreased and their PDI values are increased by increasing graphene content and graft density, as displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Grafting polystyrene with various graft densities through epoxy groups of graphene nanolayers via atom transfer radical polymerization

Roghani‐Mamaqani

2015

Polymer Composites

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“…Also, Si-O-Al deformation signal can be observed at the wave number of 753 cm −1 [40]. After modification of HNTs with CPTS, the peak at about 2894 cm −1 is assigned to the stretching vibration of C-H bonds [41,42]. Fig.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Hnt-phemamentioning

confidence: 91%

Nanofibers of poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-grafted halloysite nanotubes and polycaprolactone by combination of RAFT polymerization and electrospinning

2015

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Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were functionalized with (3-Chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTS) and sodium ethyl xanthate (NaEtX) to yield HNT-CPTS and HNT-RA respectively. Subsequently, HNT-RA was used as a substrate to graft poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) to yield HNT-PHEMA. Then, HNT and polycaprolactone (PCL), HNT-PHEMA and PCL, and neat PCL in ethanol were electrospun. Successful grafting of CPTS, RA, and PHEMA on HNTs was evaluated by FTIR, TGA, and TEM. Stretching vibrations of C-H, C-O, and C=O bonds confirm the attachment of CPTS, NaEtX, and PHEMA respectively. Formation of PHEMA on the lumen, outer, and inner surface of HNTs is displayed by TEM. Cylindrical morphology of HNTs was revealed by SEM. DLS shows that grafting PHEMA at the surface of HNTs results in breaking of HNTs agglomerates. Surface roughness and morphology of nanofibers were evaluated by TEM. By surface grafting of HNTs with PHEMA, its dispersion in PCL is improved and HNTs removal from the nanofibers is reduced.

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“…Appearance of Si-C peak at the binding energy of 286.2 eV shows that HDBTMSPU moieties were successfully attached to hydroxyl groups [45]. Decreasing content of oxygen-containing groups shows that functionalization process was carried out successfully and also GO was reduced by the modification process [46,47]. The ratio of carbon to oxygen in GO is lower than unity, which shows the high amount of oxidation [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of epoxy resin and graphene nanolayers into silica xerogel network: an insight into thermal improvement of resin

Najafi-Shoa

Roghani‐Mamaqani

Salami‐Kalajahi

2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Three well-tuned procedures were used for thermal improvement of epoxy resin (E). Accordingly, graphene xerogel (GX) was used as nanofiller in the matrix of E. Additionally, (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilanemodified E (IE) or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) oligomer-modified E (TE) was incorporated into a hybrid structure of graphene-containing silica/siloxane network. For this purpose, a bifunctional silane coupling agent of 1,1 0 -(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)urea) (HDBTMSPU) was synthesized. GX was obtained by incorporation of HDBTMSPU-modified graphene oxide (FGO) into xerogel structure using HDBTMSPU and TEOS. Modified resins, FGO, HDBTMSPU, and TEOS were also used in preparation of hybrid products. Thermal stability and char residue of the composites were compared. GO modification was approved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis results. Hybrid composite of IE, FGO, and silica/siloxane network shows higher thermal properties. Char residue is increased by 16.93 % by loading of only 1 wt% of FGO in this hybrid product. Graphical Abstract

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Confinement effect of graphene nanoplatelets on atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene: grafting through hydroxyl groups

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Grafting polystyrene with various graft densities through epoxy groups of graphene nanolayers via atom transfer radical polymerization

Grafting polystyrene with various graft densities through epoxy groups of graphene nanolayers via atom transfer radical polymerization

Nanofibers of poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-grafted halloysite nanotubes and polycaprolactone by combination of RAFT polymerization and electrospinning

Incorporation of epoxy resin and graphene nanolayers into silica xerogel network: an insight into thermal improvement of resin

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